A2经济大题的考题整理其实去年2月份我就已经发过推送:新考纲下A2经济Essay题型整理 (微观)新考纲下A2经济Essay题型整理 (宏观)后面两次考季的一些冷门题,包括contestable market和monopoly+policy, 推送里都有提及。


今天我们来讲Essay的写作方式。一篇满分Essay,需要包含以下5块内容:
1. Introduction
2. Definition
3. Thesis/Anti-thesis
4. Synthesis
5. Conclusion
接下来我们先说一下这5块内容怎么写。IntroductionIntro的核心目的是简单告诉考官你这篇essay准备写什么。Intro包含三部分内容:
1. Approach to the question
2. Evaluation framework
3. Answer to the question
以大家很熟悉的externality的考题为例:24F2 With the help of a diagram, assess the effectiveness of a government’s intervention in the price mechanism to address the causes of climate change.
1. 告诉考官我知道考点是negative production externality和两个policies:Climate change is caused by negative production externality. Government may use indirect tax and tradeable pollution permit to intervene the market.
2. 告诉考官我会从什么角度去分析这两个policies: These policies can be addressed in terms of feasibility, effectiveness and side effects.
3. 用一句话回答问题:This essay argues that indirect tax is a more effective policy.我知道mark scheme从来不要求大家写Intro。但是大家要明白一点:Essay的评分是非常主观的。
考官如果看到这样的Intro,立刻就明白你的知识点是没有任何问题的。接下来只要逻辑链完整解释,那高分就自然到来了。
Definition定义就是AO1,大家都比较熟悉了。这里有两点要注意。首先,题目中可以写AO1的terms都要解释,无论这个知识点是AS的还是A2的.尤其是宏观题,很多AO1都还是AS的。
Evaluate the effectiveness of using monetary policy to increase the rate of economic growth in a country.这里Economic growth和monetary policy都需要进行定义。其次,哪怕题目没有可以定义的关键词,但考题是某个章节的知识点,那这个章节里对应知识点的AO1也要写:-任何Labour题,都要先写MRP和labour supply。-Resources allocation的题,都要先写productive/allocative efficiency.
AO1的内容就是背书,这个没啥好多说的。
Thesis/Anti-thesisThesis是直接回答题目问题,Anti-thesis就是所谓的反面。答题的时候永远是先写Thesis, 再写Anti-thesis.如果题目问的是xxxisalwaysharmful,那thesis是harmful,anti-thesis是notharmful.还是以externality这道题为例:24F2 With the help of a diagram, assess the effectiveness of a government’s intervention in the price mechanism to address the causes of climate change.R1: Negative production externality -> market failureR2: Use of indirect tax (正反面分析)
R3: Use of tradeable pollution permits (正反面分析)考试的时候一定要按照R1/R2/R3的顺序来写。这里还要注意的是一定要答全题目。24W3 Central banks can control the money supply. An increase in the money supply will cause inflation, therefore central banks can control inflation. Evaluate this statement.这题有三个statements,那每一个点都要进行正反面分析。
1. CB can/can't control MS
2. Increase in MS will/will not cause inflation
3. CB can/can't control inflation
虽然ms可能并没有全部包含这些内容,但是从答题的角度出发,这样写是一定不会扣分的。
内容上来说,A2的题目有些时候反面算AO3,有些时候反面即算AO2也算AO3,因此每个点都至少需要一个完整解释的Anti-thesis.至于反面写几个点?这个从来没有规定。考试看的是内容的深度,任何泛泛而谈的点都是没法得分的。如果有时间的话,2-3个完整解释的anti-thesis就足够拿满分了。
Synthesis + ConclusionSynthesis,就是比较正反面,这也是大家AS阶段AO3的要求。写完两个policies的正反面之后,比较一下哪个policy是最好的?这里的思考方式是depends.考虑到Anti-thesis已经算作AO3,Synthesis只需要一个比较的点就可以了。最后是Conclusion.Conclusion是个summary,他的写作结构非常简单:
1. State the answer the question2. Justify by key arguments举个例子:In conclusion, indirect tax is a better method to address negative production externality. (Answer the question)Indirect tax is less costly, and it also generates revenue for governemnt to spend on green technologies to improve enviroment. (key arguments 1).Conversely, the effectiveness of tradeable pollution permit is limited by imperfect information about pollution level. It also involves have high administrative costs, which will increase fiscal burden. (key arguments 2)
如果考官只读conclusion,知道你对问题的答案,也能从之前的内容找出arguments的完整解释,那这就是一个很好的conclusion.Conclusion不能包含新的内容。有任何anti-thesis/synthesis,都需要在前面进行完整解释。
Essay要拿满分,当然要满足以上5个要求。但如果只目标A*呢?那么Intro和Synthesis可以不写 (毕竟ms没有),但是定义,正反面分析,以及conclusion还是一定要写的。当然这样写可能只有15-16分,与最高分就无缘了。
以上就是今天的内容,希望对大家有帮助~
