6月28日托福机经出炉！

Passage 1：Miya: The Choreography of Merce Cunningham

默斯・坎宁安是极具实验性的编舞家，晚年获誉世界顶尖。其作品常与约翰・凯奇合作且争议不断。编舞理论亮点突出：运用随机与不确定性，让舞者现场决定部分动作；独特处理舞台空间；将舞蹈、音乐、服装等艺术元素视为独立个体，不依附统一主题或相互诠释。

Passage 2: Bird Migration

鸟类迁徙前会积累脂肪、出现躁动行为，做好准备。脂肪充足且天气适宜时，它们夜间启程，借此节省能量、减少风险。迁徙途中，特定停歇点是补充能量水分的关键。鸟类天生有方向感，能借太阳、星空、地球磁场导航，夜行鸟幼年期通过学习星空地图掌握这一重要技能 。

Passage 3：Cave Art

参考 TPO4 - 1《Cave Art in Europe》，暂未明确更多细节，推测围绕洞穴艺术起源、表现形式、文化意义等展开，或许涉及远古人类创作动机、艺术技法以及洞穴壁画与当时生活的联系。

Passage 4：Essentials of Chinese Art

中国艺术研究新进展打破传统认知，其独特性体现在文明与工艺深度融合，工艺兼具技术与社会经济价值。工艺美术突破西方二元划分，文人与匠作艺术界限可变。祖先崇拜催生丧葬艺术，汉字塑造独特艺术形态。但中国艺术存在与异域互动及民间、宗教艺术维度，难以被简单概括。

Passage 5：Animals and Forests

鹿科、啮齿类等动物啃食幼苗阻碍森林再生，大象等影响林地与草原循环，捕食者间接促进林地恢复，甲虫虫害破坏力巨大。树木虽能分泌树脂抵抗甲虫，但难敌群体攻击。生物因素与气候变化共同影响全球森林生态系统演替。

第一套

Conversation

C1：解谜俱乐部申请

学生提议创建解谜俱乐部，规划谜题分享、团队比赛等活动。负责人认可方案，告知申请需在线提交、通过面试，要证明学生支持度与合规性。俱乐部需自主运营，资金方面，初期自筹，成立后可申请活动经费，获批后学校提供网站空间，申请链接后续邮件发送。

C2：课堂讨论海洋塑料污染

课堂讨论海洋塑料污染（90% 海鸟误食），教授鼓励发言。有人以英格兰塑料袋税为例提议校园减塑，另一学生关注宿舍节水，计划推广 4 分钟淋浴。教授要求抽样 30 名学生记录淋浴时长，统计宿舍用水量，依此设定节水目标。

Lecture

L1：板块构造理论起始时间争议

地质学课上，教授讲解板块构造理论，其运动驱动地质现象，但板块活动起始时间存争议：晚起始假说（约 10 亿年前）以蓝闪石为据，早起始假说（45 亿年前）依据锆石分析。后者因锆石解释存疑，结论仍待探究。

L2：猛犸象灭绝主因研究

探讨猛犸象灭绝主因是气候变化（全球变暖）还是人类干扰主导，区分两者作用具挑战性。一项新研究构建融合化石数据、气候数据等多种证据的复杂模型，讲座也剖析了该模型在模拟或推断过程中可能存在的缺陷。

L3：“科比肖像画” 是否为莎士比亚真容争议

“科比肖像画” 是否为莎士比亚真容存争议。支持者以画作年代、传承为证；质疑者指出服饰不符、面容年轻；艺术史学家认为画中人物更可能是托马斯・欧弗伯里，两者外貌特征相似。

第二套

Conversation

C1：艺术专业课程咨询

学生咨询艺术课程，教授告知热门课程已满，建议下学期选修，同时推荐选修另一位教师的课程，该课程要求学生研读 18 世纪至 19 世纪的英国历史文献。

C2：提升雕塑作品表现力建议

学生寻求老师建议，探讨如何提升雕塑作品的表现力。

Lecture

L1：动物体色形成机制

解析动物体色形成的色素显色与结构显色机制。前者靠色素分子，后者依赖纳米结构。以劳氏六线风鸟为例，其羽毛纳米结构用于求偶展示。生物纳米结构推动工程学创新，促进多学科合作。

L2：某文明衰退原因

探讨某文明衰退原因，将其归因于干旱。

L3：诗人手写传播诗歌原因

一位诗人选择以手写而非印刷方式传播诗歌，原因有二：一是受当时社会制度制约；二是便于与他人进行思想交流。

整理自：机构广州

第1套口语题目

Task 1

学校应不应该要求上外语课的学生去国外学习一年？

Some university programs, such as those in international business or foreign languages, require students to study abroad in another country for at least one semester. Do you agree with this policy?

分析：

赞成：观点1，提升语言能力，尤其是口语。观点2，提早接触当地文化，适应lifestyle。

反对：观点1，费用高，机票生活费和学费。观点2，文化差异和孤独感导致学习效率低。

Task 2

在科学楼建一个snack shop

Task 3

昆虫和树 虫瘿诱导 gall induction

Task 4

两种小说结构

第2套口语题目

Task 1

学生应不应该在假期学习？Some people think that schools should assign projects and other work for students to complete over vacation, before the beginning of the school year. Others think that schoolwork should only be assigned during the actual academic year. Which opinion do you agree with？

分析：

赞成：观点1，复习巩固以防忘记知识点。观点2，培养时间管理能力。

反对：观点1，放松减压，休息。观点2，参加社交活动和社会实践也很重要。

Task 2

要不要建咖啡馆

Task 3

offspring会聚到一起向adult animal begging食物

Task 4

leaders and interpersonal intelligence

第3套口语题目

Task 1

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should always be on time/be punctual.

分析：

赞成：观点1，确保效率 不会延迟延误影响行程。观点2，对别人的尊重。

Task 2

要不要在宿舍建厨房

Task 3

natural consequence

Task 4

海洋生物在年轻时停止繁殖的优点

第4套口语题目

Task 1

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? lt is never acceptable to interrupt another person when he or she is talking.

分析：

赞成：观点1，不礼貌被打断的说话者不会感到开心。观点2，会影响和说话人的关系

反对：观点1，有错误的观点可以适当打断加以纠正 观点2，如有突发情况，火灾危险之类的可以打断说话人。

Task 2

Letter—Move Career Fair to Beginning of Year

Task 3

Single-Action Bias（单向行动偏差）

Task 4

two ways that different animal species enter hibernation(arctic ground squirrel and pocket mouse)

第5套口语题目

Task 1：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are more interested in reading negative news stories than in reading positive ones.

分析：

赞成：观点1，心理角度的吸引，对激进的东西更感兴趣。观点2，媒体，吸引眼球增加收视率。

反对：观点1，正面消息让人心情愉悦，积极影响。 观点2，经常报道负面新闻很容易引起情绪问题，如焦虑和压抑。

综合暂缺

整理自：机构广州

今天上午场的托福考试学术讨论有3个题目

题目1：

Doctor Achebe:

Today, we're looking at the challenges working parents face in balancing their professional responsibilities with childcare. As more families rely on dual incomes parents often struggle to find enough time and energy to care for their children effectively, This issue raises questions about work-life balance, flexible job options and support systems, what do you think is the best way for working parents to ensure they can care for their children effectively? Why?

Paul

I think flexible work hours are the best solution, my cousin, for example, shifted to a remote job so he could help his daughter with schoolwork during the day. Having control over his schedule allowed him to be present without sacrificing his job performance.

Claire

I believe the key is strong support systems, like grandparents or trusted daycare centers. My mom was a nurse with long shifts, and we relied on my aunt to help. Without that network, it would've been impossible for her to manage both work and parenting

SAMPLE WRITING

In my opinion, there are two effective ways for working parents to ensure they can care for their children. The first effective strategy is to establish a flexible work schedule. This allows parents to adjust their working hours to accommodate important family events, such as school performances or medical appointments. For example, many companies now offer remote work options, enabling parents to be more present during their children’s formative moments. This includes attending a child’s first school play, which boosts the child’s confidence, or being available for a doctor's visit, providing emotional support during a potentially stressful experience. Additionally, being able to join in family activities, like homework sessions or sports practices, nurtures a stronger bond between parents and children. Another strategy is to build a strong support network. By relying on family members, friends, or childcare services, parents can secure much-needed help during busy periods. For instance, grandparents can provide after-school care, allowing parents to focus on their jobs without feeling guilty about neglecting their children. Having a trustworthy network helps alleviate stress and ensures that children are cared for in a supportive environment. (185WORDS)

题目 2：

Doctor Diaz

We have been discussing how technology has fueled an expansion in the availability of information, including the news. Some traditional news sources have a reputation for being fact based and for presenting multiple views. However, other news sources, including some blogs and social media, may present partial, or even inaccurate, information. What is the best way to determine whether a news source is accurate and reliable or not? Why?

Paul

The best way to protect consumers of news from misinformation is through education. In our school, for example, there was a class about evaluating media sources. By constantly questioning journalists' points of view and by considering a variety of sources, we developed a more critical eye and can now better avoid falling victim to propaganda and 'Fake news."

Claire

I don't think it's always possible to know for sure whether news is reliable or not. That's why l try to get most of my news from well-known sources that l trust. Those sources may not always have the most up-to-date information, but it is good to know that their reporters have fact-checked the information before they've shared it.

题目 3：

新题-参考题目（老师在什么情况下决定要不要在课上组织小组讨论？）

Doctor Achebe:

We've discussed methods teachers employ to make their course content more engaging for high school students. One possible method is using class time to discuss the ideas students learned in a lecture or assigned reading. While some believe that having students discuss the material with classmates is beneficial, others consider it a waste of class time. What do you think is the most important consideration for teachers when deciding whether to include opportunities for group discussion during class? Why?

Paul

I think the most important consideration is whether group discussion improves students' understanding. For example, in my history class, I understood historical events much better after talking about them with classmates. it helped me hear different perspectives and remember the material more clearly.

Claire

In my opinion, teachers should first consider if group discussions will stay focused.in some of my classes, group time turns into chatting, and we don't learn much, lf students aren't ready to stay on task, the discussion might waste valuable teaching time.

下午场的托福考试学术讨论有6个题目，上午3个题目全部重复在下午场考试有重复，还有3个题目如下：

题目 4：

Pro.

This week, we'll talk about a problem many working parents face: being exhausted from juggling jobs and childcare. Some struggle with strict work schedules, high daycare costs, or feeling guilty about missing time with kids. Let's brainstorm solutions. What do you believe is the most effective measure employers or governments could implement to better support working parents?

Claire:

Governments should help pay for childcare. Right now, childcare costs are way too high- many parents work overtime just to afford it. If taxes covered part of daycare bills. Parents could work regular hours or even take classes to get better jobs. In my neighborhood, many moms quit jobs because daycare cost more than their paychecks

Paul:

I believe that companies offering flexible hours is a key solution for supporting working parents. Rigid schedules often clash with family responsibilities, making it hard to find a balance. If employers allowed taking shifts or remote work days, parents could handle emergencies without stress

题目 5：

Dr. Achebe

In the next few weeks, we'll be talking about urban traffic management. Let's begin by discussing one popular idea—creating car-free central zones. Some cities around the world have recently designated their downtown areas as being automobile-free, which means that vehicles are not allowed to enter the city centers. Do you think that more cities should make their central zones car-free? Why or why not?

Claire

I support the idea of establishing free-car zones, because this will result in one important benefit for city residents: it will be better for their health. Instead of driving everywhere, people will be encouraged to walk or cycle more. It would be a great way to incorporate exercise into people's routines.

Paul

It sounds like a good idea, but I'm skeptical. My main concern is that many businesses located in the city centers, such as shops and restaurants, may suffer because the customers will no longer be able to reach those businesses by car. For some customers, if they can't drive, they won't go at all.

题目 6：

Dr. Achebe:

Around the world, urban areas need to deal with the problem of city-center traffic. Often too many vehicles use the roads, and the roads have extremely high traffic at certain times of the day. Some city governments are trying to decrease traffic congestion by introducing congestion pricing: drivers will be charged a substantial fee for driving their vehicles into the city center during busy times of the day. Do you think that congestion pricing is a good idea? Why or why not?

Andrew:

If congestion pricing is imposed, then some drivers will avoid visiting the city center during busy times. Businesses there will suffer because they will lose customers. And because businesses pay taxes, cities may lose more money than they would gain by charging the traffic congestion fee.

Claire:

I think congestion pricing is a good idea because if people have to pay extra to drive into the city center maybe they will share rides to split the cost of the fee. What leads to traffic congestion is the fact that so many people are driving alone in a car when they could be carpooling.