11月1日托福考情回顾 | 口语写作旧题频出简单到笑 阅读听力直接哭出声...

01阅读

话题：商业predation：predator对prey生存的好处

有些湖泊每年仅有约四个月的时间存在积水，在其余大部分月份中，湖床往往完全干涸。例如，在加拿大的某些省份，这类湖泊仅在每年三、四月积雪融化时才有水注入。一旦融雪结束，水源补给中断，湖水便会逐渐蒸发或渗入周围土壤，导致在接下来长达数月的时间里，这些水域彻底消失。尽管这类池塘存在的时间短暂，却依然能孕育出水生昆虫的生命。

生活在这类短暂存在的水体中，昆虫反而具备一定生存优势。通常情况下，池塘中的鱼类会捕食水生昆虫，但在这些季节性水域中，鱼类无法在长期干涸的环境中存活，因此昆虫几乎不受天敌威胁。

随着最主要的天敌——鱼类——的消失，这些昆虫的幼虫被捕食的几率大幅降低。同时，其他非昆虫类的捕食者也需要时间重新在这样的环境中建立种群，因此临时水域中的昆虫天敌数量极为有限。此外，这些昆虫还享有另一项优势：在一般林地池塘中，昆虫主要依赖植物落叶中所储存的能量作为营养来源；而在季节性池塘中，洪水退去后土壤中富含大量有机质，能够支持特殊植物的快速生长。

这类临时水域中的植物生态系统也与常年积水的水体有所不同。在干涸期间，土壤因无水浸润，失水速度更快；而在洪水来临后，植物组织中蛋白质的含量往往更高。此外，在没有地表水覆盖的阶段，真菌在富氧环境中能够更迅速地分解有机物，促进植物生长。相比之下，常年积水的水体往往氧气供应不足。因此，这些临时性池塘中的植物能够积累更丰富的蛋白质资源。

生活于此的昆虫也因此能够摄取更高比例的蛋白质，获得更充足的营养。近几个世纪以来，欧洲的养鱼者发现，通过控制水位、定期排干池塘并清理鱼群，比维持恒定水位更能提高鲤鱼的产量。他们甚至会在整个冬季保持池塘干涸状态。这种操作方式因能提高系统中蛋白质的循环效率，最终使鱼类更加肥壮。经过数百年的实践，人类已逐步掌握如何有效调控自然界中能量与营养循环的机制，以服务于水产养殖的需求。

话题：商业

Forest Disease

许多森林疾病的爆发主要就是因为人类的贸易。在欧洲几百年前，就从北美运输原木来进入欧洲，在当时就因为这些树木携带了一些病毒，因此会把疾病引入了欧洲。而大概在100年后，美洲又从亚洲引进了一些木材，也是造成了美国东部一种特定树木的大批量死亡。

而从国外引进的一些树木，最近又把一些病毒带进了英国，也使得英国的一种树木大量的死亡。这些被引进的病毒很少会消灭掉整片的森林，它只是针对某些特定的物种来进行伤害。而一旦这些物种被消灭了之后，反倒是会使得下面的树木获得更多的阳光，进而得到生长。比如说美国东部的一些枫树，就因为上面树木的死亡而获得了更多的成长的机会。而因为老的树木的死亡，那么与之相关的一些病毒其实也会死亡。

因此在英国一种树木消亡之后导致他得病的这些病原体也都死亡了，而在几十年后这个消亡的物种又再次繁盛了起来。因此整个森林，就是受这个周期性往替循环，在向前不停的发展，而不是恒定不动。其实森林受到的危害是多种多样的，有些时候会受到火的威胁，有些时候还会受到动物啃食的威胁。

而昆虫的威胁也是一个很重要的威胁。因为这些昆虫本身会携带很多的病毒和细菌。换句话说也就是昆虫的啃食虽然会伤害这些树木，但是这些昆虫所携带的病毒和细菌也会伤害这些树木。而且很多的时候，这些细菌的破坏力有可能会更强。一些甲虫的幼虫会更喜欢使用这些细菌，而不是树木本身。而因为有这些细菌的存在，所以甲虫的数量大幅度地放大。

在欧洲当时就有一种病毒几乎消灭了一个特定的物种。这个树木的病毒是由虫子来进行传播的，而这种虫子本身又是趴在甲壳虫的背部来进行移动的。因此在欧洲这个特定的物种只剩下原来的极小的一部分。在热带雨林当中，一些高纬度的地区，寒冷的冬季会杀死很多的病毒，但是在一些比较温暖的地区，这些病毒实际上是常年存在的。

这就给这些病毒创造了条件，可以从一个地区快速移动到另外一个地区。而由于这些种子传播距离有限，因此他们的树木的幼苗也都是生长在附近地区。而往往存活下来的一些幼苗，是与原来的主要发展地区离得比较远的一些幼苗。而这有一个优点就是可以增加物种的多样性话题：商业

哥特式大教堂

教堂起源于法国，由修道院长苏热在1135至1144年重建圣德尼大教堂的部分区域开始。这种风格迅速传播，其他法国北部城镇也开始竞相建造哥特式大教堂。大教堂是主教的座位，位于城市而非乡村，随着城市化的发展，大教堂建设也促进了学校和大学的发展，创造了大量就业机会，吸引了朝圣者和游客，刺激了地方经济，并增强了市民的市民自豪感。

夏尔特镇的大教堂建设从1134年开始，经历了1194年的火灾重建，直到1510年才完成。大教堂结合了早期和高哥特式建筑风格，并展示了过渡发展的特点。大教堂的建设由主教和管理机构负责，资金来自教会、贵族和富裕家庭的捐赠。捐款者的经济和社会地位不同，捐款方式和公开认可程度也有所差异。13世纪巴黎周边地区的80多座大教堂建设面临许多问题，如资金不足和工人流动性，导致建筑风格的差异和建设困难。

*重复2021.2.28考题话题：历史

中国宋朝经济

中国宋朝（960-1279年）经历了政治分裂后，国家进入了一个和平繁荣的时期。此时，中国再次统一，人口迅速增长，特别是在长江流域等南方地区。尽管人口大幅增加，但生活水平并未下降，反而继续提高。

这一时期的繁荣有几个重要因素：首先是纸币的发明，促进了经济的现金化，改善了商业交易和劳动力的利用效率。其次是交通成本低廉，通过中国广阔的河道网络，特别是大运河的连接，使得经济活动规模扩大，专业化和分工得以发展。最后，早期工业发展的创新成果为商业和工业复兴奠定了基础，如高效的焦炉生产了大量铁器。这些因素共同推动了宋代中国经济的繁荣和社会的发展。

*重复2024.7.13考题话题：商业

农业兴起

约1万年前，人类开始驯化植物和动物，转向食物生产，不再仅依赖狩猎和采集。驯化在不同地区独立发生，新月沃地出现普通小麦天然杂交品种，籽粒饱满且不易脱落，人类通过平整土地、留种等行为完成双向驯化。中国长江中下游地区开始水稻种植，黄河流域出现粟和黍的耕种活动。研究人员指出，人口增长导致资源稀缺，种群压力促使人类发展农业支持更多居民。气候季节性变化让干旱季节谷物种植成为食物补充，考古发现显示这种变化与农业聚落扩张速度同步。气候变化和资源压力共同推动农业兴起。

02听力

话题		大致内容
C-1	生活类对话	学生提交奖学金申请，但没有通过，原因是学生家长没有在一些文件上签字
C-2	学术类对话	学生去找老师询问一篇关于鲨鱼的论文主题。老师问学生关于喂鲨鱼的暑期工作怎么样 *重复2021年11月6号考试
L-1	建筑学	讲的是罗马帝国时期的一种建筑，首先是从他的外部结构讲起，讲的它外面的结构在当时很典型之后将他的圆顶，这个圆顶很重，然后具体讲了ー下这个圆顶怎么建造的：dome的材质concrete，建筑内部无column，包括门口的很多根大柱子以及内部空旷的空间还有用来支撑大重量房顶的巧妙设计（改变材料、设计特殊部件等）
L-2	经济学	经济学相关，荷兰郁金香例子

03口语

Task1

第一套：人际交往

Friends or colleagues sometimes need to have a serious talk about a problem, such as a misunderstanding. Some people prefer to have these important discussions in a public place, such as a café or restaurant. Others prefer to have such talks in a more private place or at home. Which do you prefer? Explain why, using details and examples in your response.

*重复2025年3月22日/4月26日；2019年6月16日线下原题

Sample Answer

Well, personally, I prefer to resolve a conflict with my friend in a private place. Because we won’t be distracted by others. You know, in a public place, like the café or coffee house, there’re always so many things going on, like people are coming and going all the time and stuff like that. Not to mention that some people nearby may overhear our conversation, which is rather annoying. Instead, if we talk it out in private, we’d feel at ease and be more willing to express our feelings and thoughts. During the discussion, we may get stuck and don’t know what to talk about. At such moments, the music in the café, the nice food on the table could provide temporary distractions, so that we don’t have to focus on each other all the time, and can get refreshed.

第二套学校政策

Because most students have their own laptops, your university is considering closing the campus computer lab, where students use university-owned computers. Do you think this is a good idea and why?

*重复2019.9.21/2023.9.23线下原题

Sample Answer

I don’t think it’s a good idea. Because not all the students can afford to have their own laptop computers. And they still need to go to a computer lab. You know, some students are not financially independent. They are on a tight budget. Buying a computer would definitely put a strain on their budget. So, obviously, the computer lab is necessary. In addition, the computer lab can serve as a back-up option. There are times when a student’s laptop may break down or freeze. In that case, they still need to go to a computer lab to write a paper that is due in a few days or search for some important information online.

第三套领导力

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boss should maintain close friendship with employees.

*重复2020.10.10线下原题

Sample Answer

Well, I think boss should keep a close relationship with their employees. First of all, it can encourage the employees to work harder. If the employees consider the boss as a friend, they may feel happier, and then put more effort into their work. Besides, it can offer the boss a chance to know the employees better. For example, if they go to a party together, they can talk about their personal life with each other. So, the boss can have a deeper understanding of the employees.

TASK 2

第一套学校政策重复2025年3月22日考题

阅读

听力

Dining Hall to Close During Spring Break. The university has traditionally kept the dining hall open during the week of spring vacation. However, Vivian Black, Director of Dining Services, announced today that the dining hall will be closed during this year's break, "This was a difficult decision, but not enough students remain on campus during break to justify the expense required to continue operating the dining hall, as we've done in past years." Black added, "Of course, there are many restaurants and a grocery store in town, so the few students who do stay will still have nearby dining options and should not be inconvenienced by the closing."

听力男生反对： 1.反对假期完全关闭学校餐厅，认为无需采取极端措施——可通过每餐仅开放1小时、提供精简菜单的方式控制成本，同时满足留校学生需求。 2.外出就餐对留校学生不切实际——留校学生需专注完成论文、研究等重要任务，往返城镇餐厅及额外做饭耗时，会干扰学习节奏。

第二套重复2019.9.21=2025.9.21学校政策

阅读

听力

Reusable Food Containers As part of the university’s environmental commitment to reducing the amount of trash it generates, food purchased for takeout from the cafeteria will no longer be served in disposable containers that are thrown away after one use. Instead, all takeout food will be served in reusable containers. The university expects this change to have an enormous impact on reducing waste on campus. Students will receive their first takeout purchase in a reusable container. Then, they will bring the used container back and receive their next takeout meal in a clean one. To ensure students return the containers, those who purchase a takeout meal without bringing back an old container will have to pay a fee.

听力同意 校园内很多学生都选择外带食物，至少每周几次，总量很大。 这样做主要是因为上课路上或回宿舍边吃边学很方便。 如果学校推行某种“收费或押金制度”（如餐盒押金），虽然可能让学生多花点钱，但能促使大家记得归还或循环使用，避免浪费。 一旦因忘记而被扣钱，学生很快就会吸取教训，变得更负责任，从而实现环保目的。

TASK 3

第一套心理

阅读	听力
心理学的backfire effect	/

第二套商业重复2025年3月22日考题

阅读

听力

Co-branding Two companies that sell different types of products can sometimes benefit by working together to create and market a new product. This process is known as co-branding. When companies co-brand, they combine their expertise, experience, and resources to develop a new product that is designed to appeal to the traditional customers of both companies. When combined, the traditional customers of both companies may provide a wide and lucrative market for the new product.

一家擅长制鞋但缺乏技术的运动品牌，与科技公司合作研发出鞋底嵌入电子传感器、可追踪运动数据并同步至电子设备的运动鞋，吸引了双方原有客户群体，实现了互利共赢。

TASK 4

第一套生物理论重复2025年3月22日考题

Two different kinds of animals' pupils（瞳孔）. 动物瞳孔形状随进化适应其生存需求，捕食者的瞳孔利于精准判断猎物距离，猎物的瞳孔利于扩大视野察觉危险。 1. Vertical pupil很多捕食者需要那种能让他们准确判断距离的视觉能力，举例Snake，垂直的瞳孔结构使蛇能够完全专注于眼前的事物，紧盯猎物老鼠； 2. Horizontal pupil食草动物需要能让视野向两侧扩展的眼睛，举例Goat，环顾周边环境不同方向可能出现的危险。

第二套古生物

古生物学家探究恐龙movement的两种办法 1）用和恐龙bone structure类似的动物，比如鸟-可以知道恐龙的wing用来balance； 2）footprint，对恐龙tail是在air还是在ground drag。

03写作

第一套

✅综合写作：生态环保 *重复2025.9.17

阅读	听力
主题：在五大湖建设风力涡轮机的利弊
1.促进经济:创造数万就业岗位，十年内为周边省份带来数十亿美元经济收益;	1.电价上涨:高昂建设成本将转嫁给居民，导致电费连续15年上涨;
2.维护成本低:淡水腐蚀性远低于海水，可降低涡轮机维护费用;	2.冰损风险:淡水易结冰，低温积冰可能导致涡轮机基座开裂，维护成本反而更高;
3.节约水资源:替代燃煤和天然气发电厂，每年可节省高达90亿升水。	3.水质污染:涡轮机润滑油若泄漏会严重污染湖水，影响数百万人饮用水安全

✅学术讨论：工作*重复2025.9.17

Your professor is teaching a class on business. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should

• express and support your personal opinion
• make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Doctor Achebe:	We've been discussing the process of starting a new business, and one of the most critical aspects of this process is staffing-that is, deciding which people to hire. Please discuss the following question:is it better for new businesses to hire experienced veterans of the industry or to staff the business with younger employees who are right out of university?
Kelly:	I think a company should staff a business with the most experienced employees possible. If you are starting a new business, you need people around you who know what they are doing and can quickly get the business up to speed. Spending time training inexperienced people will slow you down.
Paul:	I understand what Claire is saying, but if you are starting a new business, you want people who are particularly enthusiastic and energetic. Who better than a recent graduate to bring those qualities to the job? You would be guaranteed an ambitious hard worker.

第二套

✅综合写作：科技*重复2025.6.28

阅读	听力
主题：利用IVR和传统电话做调查的差异
更诚实（more honest）：人们在面对机器进行调查时，往往会更加诚实。由于没有与真人直接交流，受访者可能会更愿意透露真实的想法和信息，不必担心被评判或产生社交压力，从而能够更真实地表达自己的观点和感受。	不诚实：尽管调查是通过机器进行的，但大多数人仍然不会完全诚实。例如，当被问及收入等敏感问题时，人们往往会给出模糊或不准确的答案。虽然知道调查对象是机器，但人们明白最终这些数据将由真实的人进行分析和解读，因此仍会有所保留，不会像阅读部分所说的那样完全诚实。
更可靠（more reliable）：IVR系统能够覆盖更广泛的人群。它不受时间和空间的限制，可以同时向大量的人发送调查请求，快速收集大量的数据，从而提高调查的效率和可靠性。相比之下，传统的电话调查需要人工拨打电话，耗费大量的人力和时间，且可能受到调查人员工作时间等因素的限制，难以达到IVR系统那样广泛的调查范围。	不可靠：与面对真人调查时出于礼貌会完整回答不同，面对机器调查，人们如果不想回答问题，可以随时结束调查。这导致IVR调查收集到的很多数据是不完整的，因为受访者可能在中途就挂断电话或停止回答。相比之下，传统电话调查中，调查人员可以通过与受访者的互动，引导他们完成整个调查，从而获得更完整、更可靠的数据。
更客观（more objective）：IVR调查可以避免语音因素（voice factor）的影响。在传统的电话调查中，调查人员的语音语调、语气等可能会对受访者产生潜移默化的影响，导致受访者受到调查人员个人因素的干扰，从而影响调查结果的客观性。而IVR系统使用的是录制好的机器语音，不存在这种个人因素的干扰，因此能够提供更客观的调查环境。	无法解决语音因素问题：IVR系统并没有真正解决语音因素的问题。因为不同的人对同一种语音和口音会有不同的理解和感受，不存在所谓的“中性语音即使使用机器语音，不同地区、不同文化背景的人对机器语音的接受程度和反应也会有所不同，这同样会对调查结果产生影响，因此不能简单地认为IVR系统就能完全避免语音因素对调查客观性的干扰。

✅学术讨论：教育重复2025.6.28

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should

• express and support your personal opinion
• make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Doctor Achebe:	We've discussed methods teachers employ to make their course content more engaging for high school students. One possible method is using class time to discuss the ideas students learned in a lecture or assigned reading. While some believe that having students discuss the material with classmates is beneficial, others consider it a waste of class time. What do you think is the most important consideration for teachers when deciding whether to include opportunities for group discussion during class? Why?
Kelly:	I think class size is a key factor when deciding whether to include group discussions. In smaller classes, it's easier for students to share ideas and actually hear each other. But in larger classes, discussions can get chaotic or leave some students out. lf the setting isn't right, group work might end up wasting time instead of helping.
Paul:	The difficulty of the course should be a big factor in deciding whether to include group discussions. lf the material is especially complex, talking it through with classmates can help students better understand it. For example in my physics class, our group discussions often helped me see things from different angles and made tough concepts more manageable.

*范文：

While factors like student engagement and time management are certainly relevant, the most critical consideration for teachers deciding on group discussions is whether the activity directly aligns with and advances the specific learning objectives of the lesson. This focus ensures the discussion is purposeful and educationally valuable, rather than merely a time-filler. The core purpose of any classroom activity should be to facilitate learning. Group discussions are powerful tools for developing certain skills, like critical thinking, collaborative problem-solving, and articulating complex ideas. However, they are less effective for tasks requiring individual recall or procedural practice. For instance, a discussion debating the ethical implications of a scientific discovery perfectly aligns with an objective focused on analysis and evaluation. Conversely, forcing a group discussion to memorize vocabulary definitions would be inefficient and misaligned; flashcards or individual practice would better serve that objective. Prioritizing alignment guarantees that valuable classroom time is used strategically to meet the defined goals, maximizing the educational return on the time invested. While managing group dynamics or ensuring participation is important, these become secondary concerns if the activity itself isn't fundamentally driving towards the intended learning outcome.

第三套

✅综合写作：日常生活*重复2025.9.13

阅读	听力
主题：CFL灯泡的利弊
1·这种灯泡比较贵，是原来的灯泡的 10 倍。	1·CFL这种灯泡的使用寿命更长，因此实际上 更节省成本。使用新的灯泡，可以每次节省 500 美金。
2·这种灯里面还有水银，人们丢掉这个灯泡之后，它会破坏环境。	2·新型的灯泡雀食会释放少量的水银，但是原来的灯泡会释放更多的水银。而且使用原来的灯 泡因为会消耗更多的电能，因此会造成更多的环境污染。因此总的来算还是这种 CFL灯泡更环 保更节能。
3·CFL灯泡的光谱比较窄，颜色少。但是原来的灯泡的光谱比较宽，颜色更多。	3·新型的 CFL，灯泡的光谱很宽，会有各种各样不同的颜色。因为他们使用了不同的图层，可以 产生新的颜色，新的 CFL灯泡所产生的光的颜色，与原来的灯一样多

✅学术讨论：工作*重复2025.9.13

Your professor is teaching a class on business. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.

In your response, you should

• express and support your personal opinion
• make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words. You have ten minutes to write.

Doctor Achebe:	Let's discuss the skills most needed by people who want to start and run their own business. Some experts propose that future business people should focus on improving their sales techniques-after all, if you cannot sell your product, you will soon be out of business. Others believe that these future business people would benefit most from learning management skills, such as how to lead teams and motivate employees. Which view do you agree with? Why?
Kelly:	I think that management skills are most important. Sales tasks are something that a businessperson can delegate to a team of salespeople once the business gets going, so it is really important that the future businessperson develops skills to manage teams of people. Without that, it is not very likely that the business will grow.
Paul:	Learning how to sell your product is the most essential task I've read about people who had ideas about exciting new products to build a business around. They borrowed capital and started their business, but they could not explain to the public what made the products exciting. Since they could not sell enough products, their business failed.