WSC Weekly
2026世界学者杯
the World Scholar's Cup
2026年度主题
Are We There Yet?
上期回顾&Quiz答案揭晓
在2026年世界学者杯第21期WSC Weekly栏目中，我们与小学者一起学习了“末日时钟”不是末日倒计时，而是一把衡量人类生存风险的标尺。在上期的趣味Quiz中，你是否找到了正确答案？现在就让我们一起来揭晓吧！
点击查看上期话题
距离世界毁灭还有85秒？
It is now 85 seconds to midnight
第21期Quiz答案揭晓：
Which of the following historical events had the LEAST direct impact on the movement of the Doomsday Clock?
下列哪一历史事件对“末日时钟”的走动产生的直接影响最小？
A) The Soviet Union’s first successful atomic bomb test in 1949 1949年苏联首次成功进行原子弹试验
B) The signing of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963 1963年《部分禁止核试验条约》的签署
C) The Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in 1986 1986年切尔诺贝利核电站事故
D) The 2009 Copenhagen climate conference 2009年哥本哈根气候大会
E) European Union’s AI act passed in 2024 2024年欧盟人工智能法案的通过
正确答案: C
Key: C
2026年第22期
Weekly Intro
三百多年前，欧洲贵族青年流行一种特殊的旅行——“壮游”。从巴黎到罗马，他们一路学习艺术、历史与文化。本期Weekly带你探索这场旅行的兴衰。
2026 No.22
觉得gap year很时髦？其实300多年前就有了
The tradition of grand tour in Europe
三百多年前的 Gap Year
如今，许多年轻人选择在开始上大学或步入职场之前进行间隔年（Gap Year）。有些人跨国旅行、学习新语言、体验不同的文化，利用这段时间在开启人生下一阶段之前拓宽视野。事实上，早在三百多年前，富有的欧洲年轻一代也有过类似的传统，不过其规模要奢华得多。贵族青年们不是背着背包住青旅或坐廉价航班，而是在家庭提供的丰厚资金支持下，由家庭教师和仆人陪同横跨欧洲。这段旅程被称为“壮游”（Grand Tour）。壮游并不仅仅是一场旅行或假期。对于当时的欧洲精英阶层而言，它被视为教育的最后阶段，是从少年迈向成年的重要桥梁，也是年轻贵族为未来承担社会责任和公共角色所做的准备。
Today, many young people choose to take a gap year before starting university or entering the workforce. Some travel across countries, learn new languages, experience different cultures, and use the time to broaden their perspectives before beginning the next stage of life. More than three hundred years ago, wealthy young Europeans had a similar tradition, although on a much more luxurious scale. Instead of backpacking through hostels or taking budget flights, aristocratic young men traveled across Europe with tutors, servants, and generous financial support from their families. This journey was known as theGrand Tour. More than a holiday,it was considered a final stage of education, a bridge between childhood and adulthood, and a way for young elites to prepare themselves for their future roles in society.
欧洲贵族的成年礼
壮游兴起于17世纪中期，并逐渐受到英国以及其他北欧地区贵族家庭的欢迎。“Grand Tour”这一名称最早出现在1670年的旅行文学中，当时理查德·拉塞尔斯（Richard Lassels）在他的著作《意大利之旅》（Voyage to Italy）中使用了这一术语。在那个时代，人们认为教育并不能仅仅通过书本和正式课程完成。年轻贵族需要获得关于语言、政治、文化以及社交礼仪等方面的实际经验。出国旅行能够让他们亲身接触古典文学和历史中曾经学习过的地点。对于许多英国贵族青年而言，壮游是一种“成年礼”式的经历。他们在国内接受多年教育后，会前往欧洲各地旅行，以加深自己对艺术、建筑、音乐和文学的理解。这类旅程十分昂贵，因此只有拥有雄厚财富的家庭才有能力让子女在国外生活数月甚至数年。虽然壮游传统最初主要与年轻男性贵族联系在一起，但到了19世纪，富裕家庭中的女性也逐渐获得了参与这一经历的机会。与男性旅行者类似，女性通常需要由陪同者（chaperone）陪伴，通常是一位年长亲属，以符合当时社会对于女性行为和礼仪的期待。
The Grand Tour emerged in the mid-1600s and became increasingly popular among aristocratic families in Britain and other parts of northern Europe. The term itself entered travel literature in 1670, when Richard Lassels used it in his book Voyage to Italy.At the time, education was not considered complete through books and formal lessons alone.Young aristocrats were expected to gain practical knowledge of languages, politics, culture, and social manners. Traveling abroad allowed them to experience the places they had studied in classical literature and history. For many young British gentlemen, the Grand Tour served as a “coming of age” experience.After years of education at home, they would travel through Europe to broaden their understanding of art, architecture, music, and literature.The journey was expensive and exclusive, meaning that only families with significant wealth could afford to send their children abroad for months or even years. Although the tradition was strongly associated with young men, women from wealthy families gradually gained access to the experience by the nineteenth century. Like their male counterparts, female travelers were usually accompanied by a chaperone, often an older relative, to maintain social expectations.
壮游第一站：巴黎
一次典型的壮游通常会沿着精心规划的路线，前往欧洲最具文化意义的城市。他们往往从英国出发，穿越英吉利海峡抵达巴黎，然后从法国开始正式的旅程。而跨越海峡本身就可能充满风险，旅行者可能遭遇晕船、疾病，甚至船只失事。巴黎通常是壮游中的第一个重要目的地，也是整个旅程中最关键的城市之一。在这里，年轻旅行者会练习法语、学习社交礼仪、参加舞会，并观察欧洲最具影响力的政治与文化中心之一的社会生活。了解法国社会尤其受到重视，因为许多贵族青年未来会进入外交、政府或其他公共领域工作。
A typical Grand Tour followed a carefully planned route through some of Europe’s most culturally significant cities. Travelers usually began in France, often arriving in Paris after crossing the English Channel from Britain. The journey across the Channel itself could be difficult, with travelers facing seasickness, illness, and the risk of shipwreck.Paris was usually the first major destination and one of the most important stops on the entire journey.There, young travelers practiced French, learned social manners, attended dances, and observed the political and cultural life of one of Europe’s most influential capitals. Knowledge of French society was considered especially valuable because many aristocrats later entered diplomacy, government, or other public careers.
探访艺术之都意大利
离开法国后，旅行者会继续向南前往意大利，通常需要翻越阿尔卑斯山。意大利被认为是壮游中最精彩的部分，因为这里连接着古典文明和文艺复兴传统。佛罗伦萨吸引了大量希望欣赏文艺复兴绘画和雕塑的游客，威尼斯则凭借运河、建筑以及独特的城市氛围让旅行者着迷。然而，罗马往往才是壮游真正的终点。罗马拥有大量古代遗迹、古典建筑以及欧洲最伟大的艺术珍品。1738年赫库兰尼姆古城（Herculaneum）的发现，以及1748年庞贝古城（Pompeii）的发掘，使这些考古遗址成为热爱历史和古代文明的旅行者必访之地。结束意大利之旅后，一些旅行者还会继续向北进入德语地区，参观海德堡等重要大学城市，随后前往比利时和荷兰，欣赏当地的艺术传统。最终，他们会跨越英吉利海峡返回家乡，并带回新的知识、经历以及收藏品。
From France, travelers continued south toward Italy, often crossing the Alps.Italy was considered the highlight of the Grand Tour because of its connection to classical antiquity and the Renaissance.Florence attracted visitors interested in Renaissance paintings and sculptures, while Venice fascinated travelers with its canals, architecture, and unique atmosphere. Rome, however, was often the ultimate destination. Rome offered access to ancient ruins, classical monuments, and some of Europe’s greatest artistic treasures. The discoveries of Herculaneum in 1738 and Pompeii in 1748 made these archaeological sites especially popular among travelers interested in history and ancient civilizations.After Italy, some travelers continued north through German-speaking regions, visiting important universities such as Heidelberg, before stopping in Belgium and the Netherlands to admire their artistic traditions. Eventually, they crossed the English Channel and returned home with new knowledge, experiences, and collections.
壮游、艺术与时尚
教育是壮游最正式的目的，然而实际情况远比这复杂。壮游融合了知识探索、娱乐和休闲等多种元素。年轻贵族会参加社交活动，会见有影响力的人物，也会享受赌博、饮酒等娱乐活动。对于一些旅行者而言，壮游既是一种教育经历，也是一场探索个人自由的冒险。艺术在壮游中占据核心地位。许多旅行者回国时会带回绘画、雕塑、古董以及其他被称为 “艺术品”（objets d’art） 的纪念品。这些收藏品不仅装饰了贵族住宅，也帮助欧洲艺术风格在英国进一步传播。壮游旅行者带来的需求甚至改变了艺术市场。威尼斯画家卡纳莱托（Canaletto）尤其受到英国游客欢迎，因为他擅长绘制威尼斯和罗马的城市风景。富裕旅行者会委托他创作作品，作为自己旅程的纪念，使旅行经历转化为具有收藏价值的艺术品。壮游的影响甚至延伸到了时尚领域。一些旅行者从欧洲带回新的服饰潮流，其中包括乔治时代流行的奢华“马卡罗尼风格（macaroni fashion）”。这种风格以夸张的假发、紧身服装以及独特的社交举止为特点。
Although education was the official purpose of the Grand Tour, the reality was more complicated. The journey combined intellectual exploration with entertainment and leisure. Young aristocrats attended social events, met influential figures, and enjoyed activities such as gambling and drinking. For some travelers, the Grand Tour was as much an adventure of personal freedom as it was an educational experience.Art was at the center of the experience.Many travelers returned home with paintings, sculptures, antiques, and other souvenirs known as objets d’art. These collections decorated aristocratic homes and helped spread European artistic influences throughout Britain. The demand created by Grand Tour travelers also transformed the art market. Venetian painter Canaletto became especially popular among British visitors because of his detailed city scenes of Venice and Rome. Wealthy travelers commissioned his paintings as personal reminders of their journeys, turning travel memories into valuable works of art.The influence of the Grand Tour could even be seen in fashion.Some returning travelers brought back new styles from Europe, including the extravagant “macaroni” fashion of the Georgian era, which featured elaborate wigs, tight clothing, and distinctive manners.
壮游催生旅游业
虽然壮游是一种个人经历，但它也催生了完整的旅行产业。富裕旅行者需要导师、导游、仆人、住宿以及交通服务。导师通常同时承担教师和监督者的角色，确保年轻旅行者安全出行，并保持适当的行为规范。巴黎和罗马等城市逐渐发展出专门服务外国游客的酒店、餐馆和相关设施。不断增加的贵族旅行者推动了欧洲最早的有组织旅游形式之一的发展。然而，壮游并不总是舒适便捷。道路条件可能很差，小城镇的住宿设施往往有限，旅行者还可能遭遇抢劫等危险。为了避免携带大量现金，许多旅行者会使用银行提供的信用凭证（letters of credit），在沿途支付各种费用。
Although the Grand Tour was an individual adventure, it also created an entire travel industry. Wealthy travelers needed tutors, guides, servants, accommodation, and transportation. Tutors often acted as both teachers and supervisors, ensuring that young travelers stayed safe and behaved appropriately. Cities such as Paris and Rome developed hotels, restaurants, and services designed specifically for foreign visitors.The growing number of aristocratic travelers helped create some of the earliest forms of organized tourism in Europe.However, the journey was not always comfortable. Roads could be difficult, smaller towns often offered poor accommodation, and travelers faced dangers such as robbery. Instead of carrying large amounts of money, many usedletters of creditfrom banks to pay for expenses along the route.
壮游走向大众
由于重大的政治和技术变革，壮游的黄金时代开始走向衰落。1789 年的法国大革命使得穿过法国的旅行变得危机四伏，而拿破仑的军事行动则在意大利和欧洲其他地区造成了动荡。许多旅行者不得不更改路线，或者彻底避开传统的目的地。1815 年后，欧洲重归和平，旅行得以恢复，但旅游业的世界正在发生变化。蒸汽动力交通工具的发展使得国际旅行变得更快、更便宜，也使更多普通人能够参与其中。托马斯·库克（Thomas Cook）等公司开始提供有组织的旅游团，将旅游机会带到了贵族阶层之外。到了 19 世纪，壮游逐渐失去了过去的独特性。铁路和大众旅游将欧洲旅行从少数富人的特权，转变为更多社会群体都能够享受的经历。
The golden age of the Grand Tour began to decline because of major political and technological changes. The French Revolution in 1789 made travel through France dangerous, while Napoleon’s campaigns created instability across Italy and other parts of Europe. Many travelers had to change their routes or avoid traditional destinations altogether. After 1815, peace returned to Europe and travel resumed, but the world of tourism was changing.The development of steam-powered transportation made international travel faster, cheaper, and available to a much wider group of people.Companies such as Thomas Cook began offering organized tours, bringing travel opportunities beyond the aristocracy. By the nineteenth century, the Grand Tour had lost its exclusivity. Railways and mass tourism transformed European travel from a privilege of the wealthy few into an experience accessible to a much larger population.
Weekly 关键词 Key Word
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grand tour 壮游
所属话题
Call of Duty-Free
相关阅读
https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Grand-Tour/
https://www.thoughtco.com/grand-tour-of-europe-1435014
Weekly FUN Quiz
现在，快来参与本期Weekly FUN Quiz👇，告诉老师你的答案吧！
Quiz
Jerry, a young man from a British aristocratic family in the 17th century, is going on a Grand Tour. During his journey, he is least likely to encounter
杰瑞是17世纪英国一个贵族家庭的年轻人，他正准备踏上壮游之旅。在旅途中，他最不可能遇到的是
A) a French tutor helping him improve his language and social manners in Paris. 一位在巴黎帮助他提高语言水平和社交礼仪的法国家教
B) an art dealer selling paintings and other souvenirs to wealthy foreign travelers. 一位向富裕的外国游客兜售画作和其他纪念品的艺术品商人
C) a difficult journey across the Alps on his way from France to Italy. 从法国前往意大利途中穿越阿尔卑斯山的艰险旅程
D) travelers visiting the recently excavated ruins of Pompeii as a major attraction. 前往参观刚发掘出来的庞贝古城遗址的游客
E) British diplomats and aristocrats living abroad whom he could visit through introductions. 旅居海外的英国外交官和贵族，他可以通过介绍去拜访他们
To WSC Scholars:
本期Weekly Quiz正确答案将在专栏下期推文中揭晓！欢迎小学者们关注服务号，进入“WSC Weekly”专栏，此栏目将会持续陪伴小学者们，分享更多WSC趣味学术知识！
the World Scholar's Cup
