10月31日的新托福考试结束啦~
同学们考得怎么样呢？
快来看看本场托福考情回顾吧👇
01
阅读部分
P1 填空题
生命科学①关键物种生态学 Keystone Species
In the realm of conservation ecology, the role of keystone species is profoundly significant. These species, although not necessarily abundant, exert a substantial influence on their ecosystems' structure and functioning. Beavers, for example, transform landscapes by building dams that create wetlands, habitats rich in biodiversity and vital for water purification and flood control. Their removal often triggers a cascade of ecological changes, potentially leading to the decline or transformation of the ecosystem. Consequently, conservation efforts frequently prioritize the protection of these pivotal organisms to maintain ecological balance.
P2 填空题
天文②系外行星研究 Exoplanets
The study of exoplanets has rapidly advanced in recent years, redefining our understanding of the universe. Astronomers have identified thousands of planets beyond our solar system, some of which orbit close enough to their stars to support life. These findings challenge previous notions about planetary formation and the potential for life elsewhere. The detection of atmospheric components like water vapor and methane in these distant worlds offers exciting clues about their suitability for hosting life.
P3 填空题
社会科学③北美与标准计时 Standard Time
In the late nineteenth century, North America faced growing problems with timekeeping as transportation expanded. Towns set their clocks by the sun, so the times kept by municipalities varied slightly. Because trains required precise scheduling and telegraph messages depended on consistent timing, this system caused confusion and delays. In 1883, major railroads adopted standard time zones, dividing the continent into regions with uniform time and making long-distance travel and communication more efficient and reliable.
其余篇目
· 路易斯安那购地：1803 年美法交易，1500 万美元换约 82.8 万平方英里，国土近乎翻倍；联邦层面由此确立「默示权力」原则，也为后续领土扩张立下先例。
· 帝企鹅：繁殖季、雄企鹅孵卵护蛋、雌雄轮流下海觅食。
· 文艺复兴：人文主义与艺术、科学的复兴。
· 博物馆与艺术品保存：虚拟导览、线上展览如何改变观众与藏品之间的关系。
· 公寓洗衣机 In-unit Washing Machines：楼内洗衣设备的便利与维护成本。
· 其他星球上的水资源与火山活动（待核，可能与上面系外行星一篇重叠）
· 地质运动（篇目待核）
P1 学术阅读
· Revolutionizing Patient Care：医疗信息系统与辅助诊断；考生提到「健康数据」的，很可能是同一篇。
P2 学术阅读
· Whale Strandings：鲸类搁浅的成因（声呐干扰、群体跟随、地形与潮汐）。
P3 学术阅读
· Bird Migration：迁徙是对气候的进化式回应；北极燕鸥从北极繁殖地飞抵南极越冬，食物链随光照丰歉变化；岩雷鸟则留在北极，靠雪洞与减少活动越冬——迁徙与留居是两种策略。
P4 学术阅读
· Urban Green Spaces：公园、社区花园的心理与健康收益；缓解热岛、吸纳雨水、提升生物多样性；闲置地块改造成绿地的社区参与；代价是周边房价上涨与养护资金难以为继。
P5 学术阅读
· The Artistry of Quilts：拼布从实用工艺到艺术的边界之争。
P6 学术阅读
· 罗马帝国的政治遗产：帝国崩解后的权力碎片化与地方势力兴起。
P7 学术阅读
· 中世纪西欧经济增长：人口、农业技术与贸易城镇的复苏。
P8 学术阅读
· 生态系统理论：物种相互作用、能量流动与系统稳定性。
P9 学术阅读
· The Mystery of Dark Galaxies：暗星系几乎不含恒星，靠紫外观测与哈勃等设备间接确认。
P10 学术阅读
· 城市树冠降温（篇目待核）
生活阅读（2 篇）
P11 学术阅读
· Campus Dining:Healthy Meal Options：校园餐饮的健康选项与营养标识。
P12 学术阅读
· Serve & Shine:Volunteer Opportunities Expo：志愿服务招募展的摊位与报名流程。
02
听力部分
校园公告
暂无
学术讲座
1. 海洋雪Marine Snow
19 世纪中叶，科学家在海底拖网发现一批未知的深海生物，推翻了「极端环境无法维系生命」的旧认识。没有阳光，它们吃什么？答案是一种叫「海洋雪」的现象——从上层缓缓飘落的有机碎屑，包括死亡浮游生物、生物残骸与排泄物，既是深海的食物来源，也把表层海水的碳送往海底封存数百年，由此调节气候。
2. 古代雕塑的原色Polychromy
人们通常以为古希腊罗马的大理石雕像原本就是纯白的，几个世纪以来也认定它们只表现形体、不施色彩，18 世纪的权威艺术史家甚至把持异议者一律斥为怪异。20 世纪 80 年代以来，研究者用光谱技术在部分雕像上发现了红、蓝乃至金色颜料的痕迹，还原出衣饰与肌肤上肉眼难辨的精细纹样，面貌远比素白大理石生动。
3. 德加与芭蕾舞者Edgar Degas
法国画家德加以芭蕾舞者题材闻名，画中多是伸展、练功的舞者造型。他生于 1834 年，常被当作法国印象派的关键人物；印象派重视明亮色彩与光线效果，追求捕捉场景或瞬间的印象，且多在户外写生。但德加本人明确排斥「印象派」这个标签——下午场也考到了这一层。
4. 消费定价中的锚定效应Anchoring Effect
所谓锚定，就是人们会以最先拿到的那个价格数字为基准，来判断之后看到的一切价格。走进服装店，门口标价三倍于预算的夹克就成了锚，再看只贵一倍的那件反而觉得划算，即使明知是诱导也照样生效。笔记本旁边「每人限购五个」的标识同样是锚，只想买两个的人往往买得更多。买车谈判中先出价的一方，也就是在替双方设定锚。
5. 正强化Positive Reinforcement
正强化指某个行为带来正面结果之后，这个行为就更容易再次出现——人倾向于重复能给自己带来好处的动作。它对人和动物都成立，但机制不同：动物必须在行为之后立刻得到奖励，狗一坐下马上给零食才有用，奖励迟到就建立不起联结；人则能理解延迟到来的回报，比如按月领薪水。
6. 微生物群体感应与生物膜Quorum Sensing and Biofilms
土壤肥力不只取决于矿物和肥料，也取决于根系周围的细菌。要让这些过程跑顺，细菌往往需要集体行动而不是各自为政。它们靠一种叫群体感应（quorum sensing）的机制协调：释放并检测化学信号，以此判断同类是否已足够多，有点像在公告板上贴便签——一张没人留意，攒够了整个群体就会同步启动行动。
7. 从众实验Asch Conformity Experiment
研究者想验证群体压力能否塑造个人行为。心理学家所罗门·阿什在 20 世纪 50 年代做过一个影响深远的实验：参与者被安排进 7 至 9 人的小组，除本人外全是研究者事先串通好的人。任务本身极其简单——在三行比较线段中挑出与标准线段等长的那条，其余人却故意给出明显错误的答案，以此观察人会不会跟着多数走。
8. 现代养鱼业与夏威夷古鱼塘Fish Farming and Hawaiian Fishponds
现代养殖大量投放饲料，营养过剩会引发藻华，藻类死亡分解耗尽氧气，鱼类因此窒息——藻华主因是农田化肥径流，养殖同样会引发。夏威夷古鱼塘多用熔岩石沿岸建造，截留流失的养分自然施肥，只让藻类适度生长以喂养鱼类，不会引发藻华；潮汐冲刷持续换水，含氧稳定。水闸小孔只够幼鱼游入育肥，长大后游不出去，便于捕捞。（与 10.17 场重复）
9. 彩绘玻璃Stained Glass
提起彩绘玻璃，人们多半想到教堂窗，但它其实也曾点亮各地住宅。19 世纪末至 20 世纪初，受工艺美术运动推崇，彩绘玻璃成为住宅建筑中备受欢迎的装饰元素。传统做法是铅条法，用铅条把一片片玻璃拼接起来，适合表现大胆的几何图形。
10. 永久冻土微生物Permafrost Microbes
永久冻土是冻结了数千年的土壤层。全球升温使冻土融化，原本休眠的微生物随之活跃起来，分解有机物并释放二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体；排放加速变暖，变暖又促使更多冻土融化，由此构成反馈循环。冻土储碳量约为大气的两倍，因此要预测气候走向，必须先弄清楚微生物在其中扮演的角色。
11. 黑曜石/火山玻璃Obsidian
岩浆冷却太快、来不及结晶，就会形成质地类似玻璃的岩石；断口锋利，可用来制作切割工具，史前时期常被当作工具原料长途贸易。
03
口语部分
Listen and Repeat
海事博物馆 Maritime museum
You are working in a maritime museum as part of an internship. Your manager is training you to be a tour guide at the museum. Listen to the manager and repeat what the manager says. Repeat only once.
1. This area shows early sailing ships.
2. Some older style boats use steam for power.
3. These very accurate ship models show how designs have changed.
4. Before satellites , these tools helped sailors navigate oceans.
5. Let me explain how trade routes shaped global shipping over time.
6. Feel free to ask questions if you want to know more about anything you've seen.
7. For nonfiction books and novels about ships, be sure to visit the gift shop .
国家公园 National park 9.30
You are working at a national park as part of an internship. Your manager is teaching you how to assist visitors at the park. Listen to the manager and repeat what the manager says. Repeat only once.
1. Our hiking trails offer scenic routes .
2. Make a stop at the visitor center.
3. Many outdoor campsites are available for overnight stay.
4. Picnic areas are great for family gatherings.
5. Wildlife viewing spots are ideal for observing animals.
6. Guided tours and educational programs are available by request.
7. As always, be sure to take the map with you on your nature walks and adventures.
旅行社 Travel agency
You are working at a travel agency as part of an internship. Your manager is teaching you how to assist customers with booking vacation packages. Listen to the manager and repeat what the manager says. Repeat only once.
1. Start with the customer's travel dates .
2. Suggest flights that match their traveling times.
3. Propose lodgings that fit their budget and are close to attractions .
4. Offer travel insurance options to give clients peace of mind .
5. Recommend guided tours that highlight the local culture.
6. Before booking the reservation , go over the details with the client.
7. When customers are ready to pay, process the payment to confirm their booking.
练瑜伽 Yoga routines
1. Find a good place to roll out your mat .
2. Keep some water handy to drink when needed.
3. Focus on slow breathing to stay relaxed through each movement.
4. Pay attention to the instructor 's words to learn proper form .
5. A block can help you maintain your balance while h olding poses .
6. During meditation , use a cushion to help relax and support your body.
7. If you have questions about the positions , speak with the teacher after class.
招聘会 Career fair
You are being trained to assist guests during a campus career fair. Listen to the event coordinator and repeat what the coordinator says. Repeat only once.
1. Be sure to sign in when you first arrive.
2. Free refreshments are available all day.
3. When you check in, pick up a printed schedule and a site map.
4. We'll be hosting presentations on resume writing at noon.
5. If attendees need a quiet meeting area, it's upstairs.
6. Computers are available to connect with company representatives.
7. You should monitor your email closely for messages from employers.
University open house
You are working at a university. Your manager is teaching you how to assist visitors of a university open-house event. Listen to the manager and repeat what the manager says. Repeat only once.
1. Visitors should check in when they arrive.
2. There are informational sessions scheduled.
3. Student-led tours highlight what typical campus housing is like.
4. Meals and snacks are available for purchase for visitors.
5. Guests are welcomed to make use of the study areas.
6. Though the campus is large, the printed map includes every session and location.
7. If you are free this afternoon, you can join one of the scheduled campus tours.
Interview Questions
gift-giving
1. Do you like giving gifts? Why or why not?
2. How do you decide what gifts to give? What factors do you take into consideration?
3. Describe a memorable gift you have either given or received.
4. When you receive gifts, do you prefer gifts from your wish list or surprise gifts? Which one do you like better?
grocery shopping
1. First, how often do you go grocery shopping each week? Why that often?
2. Great, thank you. Can you tell me what types of items you usually buy when you go grocery shopping? For example, do you buy fresh produce, dairy product? or packaged foods.
3. Got it. When you are grocery shopping, how often do you impulse buy? In other words, buy things you did not plan on buying. What types of items do you or might you impulse buy?
4. Great, that's helpful. Last question, some people believe that shopping at local farmers' markets is better than shopping at large grocery stores. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Why?
childhood education
1. Thank you for agreeing to participate. I'd like to ask you some questions about your thoughts on childhood education. First, did you enjoy your school experience as a child?
2. Thank you. Tell me about a school project or activity you participated in. What made that project or activity special?
3. Interesting. Tell me a little about the technology you use during your childhood education. Do you feel like that technology prepared you for life after school? Why or why not?
4. Great! Some people believe that the current education system needs significant changes to better prepare children for the future, focusing more on skills like problem solving and teamwork instead of mainly teaching facts. Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? Why?
money management
1. How often do you review your money management, such as track your spending?
2. Can you describe one or two methods you or someone you know uses to manage money?
3. Tell me about a financial goal you have achieved. What motivated you to achieve this goal?
4. Some people believe that fiscal responsibility education should be mandatory in schools to help students manage money effectively as adults. What do you think about it?
social gathering
1. Do you enjoy attending large social gatherings or do you prefer smaller, more private gatherings? Why is that?
2. Can you describe a memorable social gathering you attended recently? What made it special?
3. How do you usually prepare for a social gathering? What do you focus on most?
4. Some people believe that social gatherings are important opportunities for building and maintaining professional relationships. Do you agree or disagree with this idea? Why or why not?
movies
You received an email from your university inviting you to join a research study about entertainment preferences. You have scheduled a short online interview with a researcher to answer a few questions.
1. Today, I'd like to ask you some questions about your entertainment preferences. What kind of movies do your family or friends generally like to watch? For example, do they prefer action movies, comedies, dramas or other types?
2. I see, when you watch a movie, do you prefer to watch after work or school on weekdays, or do you like to watch during the weekends? Why?
3. Interesting. Next, I'd like to get your opinion. In the past, people mostly watched movies and theaters. Today, many people watch movies at home. Do you think that movie theaters will continue to exist in the future? Why or why not?
4. Good points. I just have one more question. Some people believe that movies can be a powerful tool for educating people and raising awareness about important issues. Do you agree with this idea? Or do you think there are other more effective ways to educate people? Explain why you think so?
04
写作部分
邮件写作
第一篇
1. 写给 HR 询问 deposit（押金）问题
邮件标题：Direct Deposit Information
写作任务：
You recently started a new job on campus and need to complete several onboarding tasks including setting direct deposit for your monthly paychecks. You need to contact the HR department to report issues with this task. You also want to express your excitement about joining the team.
Write an email to the HR manager, Ms. Davis. In your email, do the following:
Express your excitement for joining the team.
Explain the problem you are having with setting the direct deposit.
Inquire about the timing of your first paycheck.
Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.
第二篇
2. 瑜伽课后背部不适
邮件标题：Advice on yoga practice
写作任务：
You recently started going to yoga classes at your university gym. You have been enjoying the sessions overall, but you have experienced some back pain and would like advice from the instructor, Ms. Martinez, on how to modify your practice to avoid further discomfort.
Write an email to Ms. Martinez. In your email, do the following:
Mention how much you enjoy the yoga classes.
Describe the back pain you are experiencing.
Ask for advice on how to modify your practice to prevent discomfort.
Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.
第三篇
3. 缺课找同学要笔记
邮件标题：Request for Lecture Notes
写作任务：
You are a student who missed an important lecture in your biology class. You need to catch up on the material and want to ask a classmate, Maria, for her notes and any key information you missed. You also want to thank her in advance for her help.
Write an email to Maria. In your email, do the following:
Explain why you did not attend the lecture.
Request her help and ask her if she has time available to help you catch up.
Thank her in advance for her assistance.
Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.
第四篇
4. 参加 online language course，向 Mrs White 反馈在线平台使用问题
邮件标题：trouble with the online class platform
写作任务：
You recently enrolled in an online language course and have enjoyed it. However, you are having some trouble with the online class platform. You need to contact the course instructor, Mrs. White, to resolve this issue.
Write an email to Mrs. White. In your email, do the following:
Mention what you enjoyed most about the course.
Describe the issue you are having with the online platform.
Propose a solution to resolve this problem.
第五篇
5. 表扬 / 感谢团队成员，并邀请其下次做 pre 分享
邮件标题：Recognition and request for presentation
写作任务：
You are the leader of a research team at your university. Your team has been working on an important project, and one of your team members, John, has consistently provided high-quality work and met all deadlines. You want to acknowledge his efforts and suggest that he share his successful strategies with the rest of the team.
Write an email to John. In your email, do the following:
Commend him for his excellent work on the project.
Explain how his strategies could benefit the team.
Request that he prepare a brief presentation to share his approaches with everyone.
学术讨论
第一篇
1. Social Media & Social Relationship
Professor:
Digital communication includes texting, video chats, and social media. Some people say these tools help relationships by allowing instant messages, sharing photos, and staying in touch over long distances. Others believe they cause problems —like misunderstandings and less eye contact—because people rely less on talking in person. Think about how you communicate with family, friends, or classmates. Do you believe digital communication makes your relationships stronger or weaker? Share specific examples and explain your opinion clearly.
Student 1:
I think digital communication strengthens relationships. It allows people to maintain bonds with family members who live far away. For example, my brothers work in another country, but we can stay in touch and remain a loving family thanks to various digital communication platforms.
Student 2:
I think digital communication can weaken relationships. People may text instead of talking face-to-face, which makes conversations shorter and less personal. It's easy to miss feelings or misunderstand someone's meaning. When people rely too much on phones or apps, they may feel distant from others even when they're constantly connected. Real conversations matter more.
第二篇
2. Globalization
Professor:
We've been discussing the impact of cultural globalization on local traditions. Some anthropologists argue that cultural globalization leads to the loss of unique and diverse cultural identities, while others believe it promotes cultural exchange and understanding. What is your perspective on the impact of cultural globalization on local traditions?
Student 1:
I believe cultural globalization can lead to the loss of unique cultural identities. As global culture becomes more dominant, traditional practices and languages can be forgotten or replaced. It's important to preserve and celebrate local cultures to maintain diversity.
Student 2:
In my opinion, cultural globalization promotes cultural exchange and understanding. It allows people to learn about and appreciate different cultures. This exchange can enrich local traditions and create a more interconnected and tolerant world.
第三篇
3. Sports and character & discipline
Professor:
Today we'll discuss the role of sports in building character and discipline. Clearly, participating in sports can teach valuable life skills such as teamwork, perseverance, and discipline. On the other hand, some people believe that character and discipline are primarily developed through other means, such as family upbringing and education. Which do you believe plays a larger role in character development? Why?
Student 1:
I think participating in sports is crucial for building character and discipline. I remember the time when I played volleyball in my first year of college, and it significantly helped me develop my social skills.
Student 2:
I believe that the values and lessons taught at home and in school provide a strong foundation for developing character and discipline. I practiced many sports, and while I did enjoy participating in these sports, I do not remember learning any life skills directly from them.
第四篇
4. Environmental solutions
Professor (Dr. Gupta):
We often hear about environmental problems like air pollution from factories, plastic waste in oceans, and forests being cut down for agriculture. People are trying different solutions: switching from coal and oil to solar and wind energy, teaching communities about recycling and conservation, or developing new technologies to clean contaminated water and soil. Which of these approaches do you think would produce the fastest, most measurable improvements to environmental problems? Why?
第五篇
5. Social Media and Society
Professor:
We often discuss the influence of social media on modern society. Social media platforms can connect people globally and promote the exchange of ideas. However, they can also lead to misinformation and negatively impact mental health. Do you think social media has a more positive or negative impact on society? Why?
Student 1:
I believe social media has a positive impact on society. It allows people to stay connected with friends and family, share experiences, and access information quickly. Social media can also be a powerful tool for raising awareness about important issues.
Student 2:
In my opinion, social media has a negative impact on society. It can spread misinformation quickly and contribute to mental health problems like anxiety and depression. People often compare themselves to others on social media, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy.
