AP心理学知识点概况1 Scientific Foundations

AP心理学考点概况1--- Scientific Foundations

Chapter 1  History and Approaches

考试分析:本章主要介绍⼼理学发展史、重要的⼼理学家以及⼼理学研究的领域等。这部分内容在AP ⼼理学考试中主要以MCQ的⽅式出现。本章难度较简单,建议在学习的时候通过思维导图来梳理知识脉络,帮助记忆。

Chapter 2  Methods

考试分析:本章是⼼理学考试中⾮常重要的部分,要求学⽣掌握:

1、相关的研究⽅法及其特征;

2、⼼理学相关的伦理要求;

3、⼼理学相关的统计学知识。

从⽽达到对现有的⼼理学研究进⾏分析和评估的⽔平。这部分会以MCQ和FRQ的形式进⾏考试,⽽且考试⼤纲明确指出,这部分内容会出FRQ的题⽬。难度较⼤

AP心理学单词1--- Scientific Foundations

Chapter 1  History and Approaches

Introspection

Structuralism

Functionalism

Psychoanalytic theory

Behaviorism

Humanist perspective

Psychoanalytic perspective

Biopsychology (or neuroscience) perspective

Evolutionary (or Darwinian) perspective

Behavioral perspective

Cognitive perspective

Social-cultural (or sociocultural) perspective

Key People

Wilhelm Wundt

William James

Mary Whiton Calkins

Margaret Floy Washburn

G. Stanley Hall

Max Wertheimer

Sigmund Freud

John B. Watson

Ivan Pavlov

B. F. Skinner

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

Charles Darwin

Jean Piaget

Chapter 2  Methods

Hindsight bias

Applied research

Basic research

Hypothesis

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Theory

Operational definition

Validity

Reliability

Sampling

Sample

Population

Representative sample

Random sampling

Stratified sampling

Experiment—laboratory and field

Confounding variables—participant- and situation-relevant

Random assignment

Controls

Group matching

Experimenter bias

Double-blind procedure

Single-blind procedure

Response or participant bias

Social desirability

Hawthorne effect

Placebo method

Correlations—positive and negative

Naturalistic observation

Case study method

Survey method

Response rate

Descriptive statistics

Frequency distribution

Measures of central tendency—mean, median,mode

Extreme scores or outliers

Positive versus negative skew

Measures of variability—range, standard deviation, variance z score

Normal curve

Correlation coefficient

Scatter plotLine of best fit/regression line

Inferential statistics

Sampling errorp value

Statistical significance

Institutional

Review

Board (IRB)

Coercion

Informed consent

Anonymity

Confidentiality

Debriefing

 

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