5月25日托福考情 部分原题重现 口语写作还是熟悉的配方

5月25日托福考试落下帷幕考情速递也已经出炉了！

托福听力较难

口语写作还是熟悉的配方

部分原题混搭出现

同学们觉得这次考得如何？

期待备考同学们都能顺利上岸！

阅读

R 1

海平面下降时期，部分灵长类通过大陆架从北美迁徙至南美。因太阳辐射引发基因变异，南美演化出鼻孔外扩、有尾巴的新灵长类物种（如新型猴子，可能包括松鼠类）。新旧大陆灵长类特征对比如下：

外貌：新大陆物种鼻孔大且向两侧外翻，均有可辅助觅食的尾巴；旧大陆物种鼻孔小，多数无尾。

视觉：旧大陆物种具备正常三色视觉，可精准判断食物成熟度；新大陆多数物种为色盲（缺少一种颜色受体），部分科学家认为其夜间视觉或更强，而旧大陆物种的色觉能力可辅助群体间沟通（如识别红色臀部）。

旧大陆灵长类可通过骨骼和牙齿清晰分类：一类猴鼻孔宽、脑容量大、更聪明，具备工具使用能力，演化过程中呈现文化延续性；另一类栖息于非热带雨林地区，演化差异更显著。

R 2

100 多年前，苏格兰南部的大蓝蝶数量开始锐减，约 50 年前，在连续两个炎热干燥的年份后彻底灭绝。因其稀有且色彩艳丽，遭到大量捕捉，这可能是灭绝主因。此前，苏格兰虽设立保护区禁止人类进入，但大蓝蝶的重要寄主植物大幅减少，小型灌木取代草本植物，栖息地恶化，加速了它们的消亡。

后来，英国尝试从欧洲大陆引进大蓝蝶。新引进的大蓝蝶幼虫孵化数月后，需以特定蚂蚁为食。黄昏时，幼虫从植物落到地面，待蚂蚁发现。蚂蚁观察期间会取食幼虫身上的花蜜，幼虫则通过膨胀身体伪装成逃跑的蚂蚁，被蚂蚁带回蚁穴。进入蚁穴前，幼虫生长缓慢，入穴后开始捕食蚂蚁并快速发育，在蚁穴中过冬，次年夏天化蝶。幼虫需吃掉数百只蚂蚁才能化蛹，还会分泌类似蚁后的化学物质避免被攻击，化蝶后则迅速逃离蚁穴。

大蓝蝶要在新环境生存，需适应蚂蚁巢穴，适应从草丛到灌木的变化，且不同环境下的存活率差异大，这些因素都极大增加了物种引进的难度。

听力

C 1

设计教授与学生Ben讨论了他的选课问题。Ben报名了《计算机作为媒介》和《高级平面设计》两门课，但教授指出,《高级平面设计》是《计算机作为媒介》的后续课程，必须先修完前者才能选后者。由于注册系统出现问题，Ben未被阻止注册，他将需要选修其他课程。教授表示会帮助他选择合适的课程，并提醒他还有几周的时间来注册。

接着，学生提到昨天的讲座内容，特别是关于不对称设计的讨论。学生认为很多不对称设计很有吸引力，而教授解释了“平衡”和“不对称平衡”的区别。教授指出，不是所有不对称设计都不平衡，设计师可以通过不同的技巧，如纹理或颜色来创造不对称的平衡这种设计有时看起来更随意但也更难以规划。此外，学生还提出了关于色彩的情感影响问题，询问是否应该坚持使用某种颜色以产生特定的情感反应。

教授回应，如果情感影响是设计的主要目标，确实可以选择相应的颜色，但有时在相同色系中也能达到类似效果，并强调线条的情感影响同样重要。教授总结道，设计原则是灵活的，设计师需要根据具体目标来运用这些原则。

C2

学生Luisa向她的英语教授说明了下周因家庭原因将缺席课堂，并计划提前提交作业。教授祝贺她的表亲结婚，并表示如果她需要延长作业截止日期也可以。但Luisa表示希望在离开前完成作业，以免在婚礼时分心。接着，Luisa询问作业的具体要求，教授确认作业是让学生选择一个熟悉的故事，并从故事中某个配角的视角重新讲述教授强调这个配角应该是同一故事中的人物，而非外来的角色。

教授还提到，可以想象这个角色的过去，但作业的重点应放在故事中的事件上，且是初稿，学生们将在课堂上进行讨论和修改。Luisa提到在美国文学课上读过威廉·福克纳的小说《喧哗与骚动》，书中通过四个角色讲述同一事件的不同版本，教授表示这是福克纳的名作，但提醒Luisa不要被福克纳的复杂风格吓到，建议她放开想象力自由创作。

C 3

The school's return policy for books

学生因购买心理学教材超学校规定的开课后一周退书期限，虽书未使用仍遭书店职员拒绝退书。职员解释因过去允许整学期退书致学生结课后全额退款，政策才修改。学生欲按回购价售书，却因课程下学期更换教材，书店无法回购。最终学生无奈接受分销商以 25 美元（原价超 100 美元）回购，职员称此方式较过去完全不能退书已有所改善。

L1

1. 古希腊的伊壁鸠鲁学派。伊壁鸠鲁主张简单的生活方式，强调追求内心的宁静(ataraxia)。他和他的追随者在私人花园中教学，与当时其他哲学家在公开场所授课不同，这与他的哲学理念相符。伊壁鸠鲁认为，只有追求必要的欲望(如饮食)，而避免不必要的欲望(如名声和政治地位)，才能获得内心的宁静。

虽然“Epicurean”这个词现在常用来指喜欢奢华美食的人，但伊壁鸠鲁提倡的是朴素的饮食，像水和大麦面包。他认为追求简单生活能避免无谓的烦恼，从而获得内心的平静。讲座还提到，其他哲学流派也关注如何获得宁静，如怀疑主义学派。

怀疑主义认为人们因持有偏见和观点而无法得到宁静，主张放弃所有意见，但这种做法较为极端，伊壁鸠鲁的哲学因此更受欢迎。有趣的是，美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊也自称为伊壁鸠鲁学派的信徒，显示了这一哲学思想对政治思想的影响。

2. 大陆形成的学说

3. 物种的灭绝的原因

4. 范妮・门德尔松的《复活节奏鸣曲》通过她的日记和写给弟弟费利克斯・门德尔松（Felix Mendelssohn）的信件被发现，费利克斯在前往英国的船上首演了该曲。由于当时学界对女性作曲家存在偏见，不相信女性能够创作出如此精湛的作品，所以这首奏鸣曲的作者身份备受质疑。后来，一位法国钢琴家录制了该曲的 CD，研究人员为确认作品归属，在钢琴家的协助下展开调查。最终，研究人员发现一本书中缺失的几页信息，其写作风格与范妮完全相符，从而确定了她的作者身份。此外，关于范妮未为作品署名一事，有女学生指出，这是因为在当时的时代背景下，女性作曲家受到诸多限制。

5.世界历史课，“文艺复兴” 作为重点内容被深入讲解。“文艺复兴” 一词源于法语，意为 “重生”，最早由艺术史学家用于形容 14 世纪末至 16 世纪意大利艺术界的转变。教授阐释，文艺复兴的 “重生” 意义深远，不仅局限于艺术领域的复兴，还带动了科学、经济、商业的发展以及民众生活质量的提升。意大利文艺复兴存在两大关键变化：语言上，作家摒弃拉丁语，改用托斯卡纳语创作，扩大了信息传播范围；艺术领域，题材不再单一围绕宗教，新兴商人阶级资助艺术创作，促使古希腊、古罗马文化复兴，建筑风格也开始模仿古代。在推动因素方面，西班牙 “文艺复兴” 功不可没。西班牙穆尔人统治时期引入新作物与艺术，恢复古罗马遗产，这些知识传入意大利，为文艺复兴注入活力。此外，教授将中国唐朝与欧洲文艺复兴作比，唐朝结束动荡后重现汉朝辉煌，推动艺术文学发展，且通过政府改革建立重视才干与教育的制度，堪称中国版 “文艺复兴”。

口语

TASK 1 独立口语题

第一套

Some people believe that certain places on Earth should be preserved and protected forever from human development. Others believe that humans should be able to use and develop all areas on Earth as the human population grows. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.

第二套

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: children should help with housework as soon as they are old enough to do so.

第三套

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to help people who have moved into your neighborhood to feel welcome and part of the community.

TASK 2 校园题

第一套

阅读：

学文科的学生必须要学当代文学这门课，因为它涵盖了近几十年的一些经典著作。学生认为不要再把这门课来当成自修课，因为学生在平时休闲的时候是可以多读一些比较新的书籍的。而文学学位的要求比其他的学生本来就要高，这会经常使得学生会多一个学期才能完成所有的课程，而减少一门课可以帮助学生按时完成毕业要求。

听力：

学文科的学生必须要学当代文学这门课，因为它涵盖了近几十年的一些经典著作。学生认为不要再把这门课来当成自修课，因为学生在平时休闲的时候是可以多读一些比较新的书籍的。而文学学位的要求比其他的学生本来就要高，这会经常使得学生会多一个学期才能完成所有的课程，而减少一门课可以帮助学生按时完成毕业要求。

第二套

教授来信提议每位教师需额外开设一门本科课程。对话中的女生对此表示赞同。

TASK 3 学术讲座题

第一套

阅读：

在现代的生活当中，很多的产品在用坏之后全都会被丢弃，但是现在环保的理念盛行，为了减少浪费。一些制造商开始重复利用这些材料把它们进行重新加工，这被称为闭环设计。这就可以避免这些已经用旧的商品进入垃圾填埋场。

听力：

举的一个例子是白色地毯的例子，当白色地毯磨损和变脏了之后，他们经常就会被丢弃到垃圾桶，但是已经有新的地毯的制作工艺。先去掉这些地毯的表层，然后重新经过清洗、纺织可以用于被制作新的地毯。当地毯已经磨损掉的时候，就可以给这些公司打电话，他会换上新的地毯，并且会回收原来的旧的地毯来用于制作新的地毯。因为这些材料可以重复利用，因此可以减少成本，也更少的去污染环境。

第二套

讲解了 “群体同步繁殖以躲避捕食者” 的概念，举例蝉的生存策略。蝉会同步产卵，并同时从地下钻出，凭借庞大的数量，使捕食者难以对其生存构成实质性威胁。

第三套

startle defense

TASK 4 学术讲座题

第一套

探讨房屋建设引发的问题。其一，房屋建于主干道旁，导致交通拥堵；其二，破坏周边景观，如英国海岸线周边的房屋建设，影响了原本的自然风貌。

第二套

草原上有一些老鼠会挖洞，并且以此作为栖息地来躲避自己的天敌，但是就有一些动物会借用这些动，因为这对于整个农场的生态都有很大的帮助作用。举的例子是这种洞穴可以当做其他动物的庇护者，因为这种动本来就是为了躲避天敌的，如果原来的这种老鼠不再用这些动的时候，那么其他的动物也可以用这些洞来躲避天敌。比如说有一种猫头鹰就会在这种动力来进行筑巢，因为这有助于保护自己幼崽的安全，因为它藏在地下而不是裸露在地表。

第2个作用就是这种地下的隧道会改善土质的情况，因为它会大量的移动这些土壤，使得这些土壤变得更松散，因此在下雨的时候就可以吸收大量的水分，这对于植物的水的供给有很大的帮助作用。举的例子是科学家们发现但凡这种地下有很大的老鼠的洞穴的时候，那么上面的草丛都长得很好。

第三套

advantages of beta test

写作

第一套

综合写作

The reading passage presents the argument that wild horses, or mustangs, pose a threat to the natural environment in western North America. However, the lecturer challenges this perspective by providing counterarguments to each claim made in the reading.

Firstly, while the reading states that mustangs overgraze and harm the soil, the lecturer argues that this is not the case. Mustangs graze by consuming only the top portion of grass, leaving the roots intact, which allows for regrowth. This suggests that other grazing animals may be more responsible for soil depletion. Additionally, the waste produced by horses acts as a natural fertilizer, enriching the soil and promoting grass growth, contradicting the reading's assertion that mustangs are detrimental to the environment.

Secondly, the reading claims that mustangs compete with ranchers' livestock for food, threatening ranchers' livelihoods. The lecturer counters this by explaining that the removal of mustangs from rangelands can lead to unintended consequences. For instance, when mustangs were removed, mountain lions, which previously hunted both mustangs and sheep, began to prey more heavily on the sheep population. This increased predation resulted in a significant decline in sheep numbers, ultimately harming ranchers more than the presence of mustangs would.

Finally, the reading suggests that mustangs contribute to the decline of fish populations by degrading water quality around lakes and streams. However, the lecturer points out that the real culprit is the disappearance of beavers, which historically built dams that created ideal habitats for young fish. The hunting of beavers by humans has led to the loss of these dams, resulting in harsher water conditions for juvenile fish. Thus, the decline in fish populations is unrelated to mustangs.

学术讨论

Your professor is teaching a class on marketing. Write a post responding to the professor's question. In your response, you should do the following.

Express and support your opinion.

Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Dr. Achebe

This week in class we are learning about different methods of advertising and their effectiveness. One advertising strategy that companies often use is to ask celebrities, famous entertainers or sports figures to promote their products. However some experts believe that it is more effective to have ordinary people talk about the product. Which of these two advertising strategies do you think is better?

Paul:

I like the "ordinary people" approach. People are more interested in a product when they see people like themselves using the product. I think this is even true for clothing advertisements, which traditionally use famous models. People get a better idea of whether they like the clothes when they sell kinds of different people wearing them, and not just models

Claire:

I think the use of celebrities is really effective. The first thing an advertisement must do is grab viewers' attention. When a famous actor or sports figure appears in your advertisement, viewers first notice the celebrity, "what's this? I really like that person." they think. Then, once you have the viewers, you can provide information about your product.

第二套

综合写作

The reading passage presents three theories to explain the decrease in human brain size over the past 20,000 years, while the lecturer critiques these theories, arguing that they are flawed and do not adequately account for the observed phenomenon.

Firstly, the reading suggests that climate changes may have led to a decrease in brain size due to a corresponding reduction in body size. However, the lecturer counters this by stating that historical data shows no consistent correlation between brain size and temperature fluctuations prior to 20,000 years ago. She emphasizes that the human brain steadily increased in size during periods of temperature variation, indicating that climate alone cannot explain the recent decline in brain size.

Secondly, the reading posits that the shift to an agricultural lifestyle resulted in a lower protein diet, which may have favored individuals with smaller brains. The lecturer challenges this idea by pointing out that the decline in brain size has been observed globally, even in regions where agriculture was not introduced until much later. For instance, She mentions Australia and southern Africa, where the same trend occurred despite the absence of grain-based agriculture until modern times. This suggests that the agricultural diet cannot be the sole factor influencing brain size reduction.

Lastly, the reading proposes that a decrease in muscle mass may have contributed to the reduction in brain size, as a significant portion of the brain is dedicated to controlling muscles. The lecturer acknowledges that while muscle size has decreased slightly, the extent of brain size reduction is much greater than what would be expected from this minor change. She argues that other, more significant factors must be at play to account for the substantial decrease in brain size.

学术讨论

Your professor is teaching a class. Write a post responding to the professor's question. In your response, you should do the following.

Express and support your opinion.

Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Diaz:

Job sharing is a type of part-time employment in which one position can be shared by two part-time workers; that is, the two people share the work, hours, and pay of one job. Job sharing opens more opportunities to people who have other responsibilities, such as taking care of their children or studying, and who need flexible working hours.Do you agree or disagree that job sharing is good for workers? Why?

Andrew:

I think job sharing provides employees with the flexibility they need to fulfill various responsibilities outside of work, such as taking care of their children, pursuing further education, or participating in personal endeavors. This arrangement allows individuals to have more control over their time and commitments, ultimately leading to greater overall well-being.

Claire：

Well, I don’t think so. Effective communication is crucial for successful job sharing. However, maintaining consistent and clear communication between part-time workers can be challenging when they have different schedules or limited overlap at the workplace. For example, if two employees share customer service responsibilities in a retail store, gaps in communication due to different work schedules can result in delayed responses, inconsistent information, and customer dissatisfaction

第三套

综合写作

The reading passage illustrates that scientists are increasingly concerned about the long-term survival of petrels. They face multiple threats that may lead to a sustained decline in its population. In contrast, the lecturer presents several solutions that could help ensure their survivals.

Firstly, the reading mentions that petrels are threatened by nonnative predators, including cats.However, the lecturer explains that they can prevent predators from accessing sites. For example, scientists have designed specialized fences called conservation fences that surround petrels nesting sites and keep predators such as cats away from those areas. Also, the top of the fence curves outward away from the area that the fence and closes, which makes it impossible for cats to climb over these fences. .

Secondly, the reading points out that as human populations near petrel habitats have grown the amount of artificial light near petrel nests has also increased. The lecturer counters this by stating that protecting petrol from artificial light is actually possible. That's because people will only need to turn off their lights temporarily during a particular season. You see most patrols that get confused by artificial lights are young birds learning to fly, and young petrol leave the nest and learn to fly during the same season every year. So local governments can inform the public when young petrol begin flying, so that people will know when to turn off their lights. That's not all. Local governments can even pass laws prohibiting excessive light use in the season when young petrol begin flying. Such measures will encourage people to protect petrol.

Lastly, while the reading highlights petrels are further threatened by fishing.The lecturer notes that fishers can help produce by catch by simply adjusting the fishing schedules and techniques. You see, fishers typically fish during the day and patrols also search for fish during the day. Patrols are most in danger of getting caught in fishing nets when fissures place the nets in the water. And also when fissures bring the nets back onto the boat, if fishers agree to place their nets in the water at night, leave them in the water for an extended time and then bring the nets back onto the boat only the following night. This will greatly reduce the chance of harming petrol .

学术讨论

Your professor is teaching a class. Write a post responding to the professor's question. In your response, you should do the following.

Express and support your opinion.

Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Doctor Diaz

Next week, we'll examine some challenges that managers face. One challenge is determining how much independence employees should have. Consider this: many managers give employees the freedom to set their own working hours. For example an employee might choose to start the workday earlier than is typical. But other managers do not allow flexible schedules, arguing that they create problems. In industries where flexible work schedules are possible, do you think this policy would bring more benefits than adversities?

Claire

Flexible schedules are indeed a good idea. They can effectively address the issue of employees being late to work. By allowing individuals to start their work at the most convenient time for them, it not only benefits the employees, but also eliminates the need for supervisors to constantly check if everyone is "on time". This arrangement benefits everyone involved.

Paul

Claire brings up an interesting point, although I'm not fully convinced. What would happen if the employee's clients or colleagues need to reach them? if an employee is unavailable during the typical business hours when most people are conducting business, it could be inconvenient and even frustrating for others. This might negatively impact work relationships, which is not ideal for the company.