9月6日托福考试已经落下帷幕考情分析新鲜出炉！
冷门旧题重现
难度不容小觑
9月托福考试
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美本早申的背水一战
同学们觉得这次考得如何？
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阅读
套1 Passage1
实际上在火星上也是有两座超级巨大的火山，而且这两座火山也都是整个太阳系当中最大的火山。而且这两座火山还有非常壮观的超级巨大的陨石坑，以及火山山体。火星上的火山最为引人关注的就是它超级巨大的山体以及超长的寿命期。它的整个的山体的体积是地球上最大火山的好几倍。但是实际上火星整个的躯体是比地球要小一倍的。
而之所以火星会形成更大的火山，是因为整个地球更大也更热。所以地球有非常长的地幔，而在地幔的上方还有非常薄的一个地壳，这个地壳在海洋之下大概几公里的地方。而整个地球下面的地幔其实一直在进行着流转，而且也产生了非常巨大的驱动力。而使得地球上的各个大陆向不同的方向来进行移动。而在有一些地壳出现缝隙的地方，地幔当中的熔岩就会从地表喷出来，在地球上形成火山。
而又因为地壳本身在移动，而地幔也在移动，所以地球上的火山口慢慢就与下面的地幔断开了连接，进而会变成死火山。而相应的此时，又有可能在地幔的断裂处形成新的火山。而火星因为整个体积更小，冷却速度也更快，因此地壳已经凝固了。相应的它下面的地幔也是相对的静止。
而一旦产生一个裂缝容颜就会爆发出来，形成一个巨大的火山，而因为地壳和地幔相对来说不太移动。此他们整个的喷发过程有可能长达几亿年的时间，所以在火星上形成的火山其实是远大于地球上形成的火山的。而火星上的火山，因为整个火山特别的巨大，所以熔岩的流出距离也特别的长。
当然这也与火星上重力比较小是有原因的。因为重力在一定程度上是控制着岩体向下来进行流动，而在低重力环境当中，整个火山的裂缝会比地球上的更宽，从而会把更多的岩浆输送到地表，因此当火星上的火山坍塌的时候，会形成更为巨大的陨石坑。而因为火星上的整个重力更小，所以火星上面的火山喷发的频率也会更高，因为在火星上火山裂缝会更大，这样就使得熔岩流出来的几率也会更高，而且因为火山整体更大，所以积累的各种热量也会更多而相应的。容颜变冷的时间也会更长。
因此火星上的熔岩冷却速度会比地球慢很多，相应的这就使得溶液流动的距离就会更长。而火星本身也是因为气压很低，所以熔岩喷发到地表之后，气泡都会特别的庞大。而相应的就使得熔岩当中含气体量也会比较小一些，进而会使其在火山口喷发而出。这样就使得在火星当中只需要很小的气体，就可以把容颜给喷发出来。
套2 Passage 1
在北美五大湖最大的湖当中，最为表层的水温非常高，而在它的底层水温又很低。整个的湖水最上层温度是最高的，而中间会随着光照而产生温度上的变化，在湖水的最底层温度是最低的。在大多数的湖泊当中，鱼类是很少进入最深层来进行觅食的，因为湖泊底层的腐烂的有机物会耗尽湖水底层所有的氧气。
而在这个最大的湖泊当中，因为整个。湖水的营养水平很低，所以藻类鱼类整个生物也都比较少一些，相应的就使得整个湖可以清澈见底。而本身这个湖就非常的寒冷。植物也非常的少，这就使得那些相对需要很多氧气的大型鱼类可以茁壮的成长。因为这个壶本身的特点就是寒冷清澈而且干净，所以它就使其成为大型鱼类的最佳栖息地。
因为这个壶整体的面积特别大，而且流入的水流相对比较小，因此这就使得大陆上的沉积物被冲刷到这个湖水的概率比较低。因为整个湖水比较大，那么进入的污染物变少，就使得这里的水停留在湖泊里面的时间会更加的漫长。有的水会保留几百年的时间，而且整个水的水温特别的低，因此。鱼类就更容易在这个地方遇到它的污染物。而因为岸边的水比较浅。
所以岸边的水往往比湖底的水升温会更快一点，而当水温变高之后，它的密度又会更小，所以在岸边的地区会温水比较多，从而会形成一个相对于深水的隔离带。这就使得一些与温水相关的污染以及排放物质都是在岸边附近。而这个湖还有一个很深的特点，就是岸边特别的短，在岸边很近的地方。湖的深度就急剧地下降。
整个湖只有很小的。部分是靠近岸边的，而在水岸边的附近有非常多的沉积物，这就为鱼的产卵提供了很好的栖息地。同时也给小型打一些无脊椎动物提供了栖息地。而又因为整个岸边面积的相对比较小，这就使得潜水区的鱼类非常容易受到天敌的攻击。而在大约100年前美国整个的工业开始发展，而在湖边最早出现的是造纸工业，这就对于整个湖水产生了非常大的污染。
虽然他们知道自己的饮用水也来自于这里，但而且他们也知道废水杀死了非常多的鱼，捕鱼液可能会崩溃，但是早期的污染没有想这么多，他们认为整个污染物会慢慢的被稀释，水质被污染了，一旦被稀释之后就也没有问题了，但是希望很快就落空了，虽然整个湖水的面积特别的大。
同时温度也特别的低，但是就像前文所说的，因为整个岸边形成了一个湖水形成的隔离带，这样就把所有的污染物都留在了湖边，使得鱼类和人类更容易接受到这些污染物。因此看似湖水是一个庞大的水体，但是实际上每个部分都有自己独特的分工，而人类喝的水以及鱼类所生活的区域，就是污染物集中的地方。
听力
Conversation
C1:
学生对绘画比赛结果的不满教授起初误以为学生是因选课事宜来找自己，实则学生正处于沮丧状态。学生在绘画比赛中获得第二名，内心极度不平衡，核心不满在于获得第一名的参赛者使用人工智能生成图片。学生认为这种方式毫无意义，质疑这是否还能称作画画比赛。教授试图开导，指出使用人工智能生成图片同样需要投入人的思想，但学生并未接受
C2：
一位女学生正在某个地方排练时，发现自己遗失了一件物品，于是请男生帮忙寻找。她先是大力称赞了男生之前提出的一个建议，比如把排练用的器材放在花园里之类的做法。接着，男生指出女生未经允许就使用了一个房间，这让他有些不满。最后，他建议女生到附近的地方再仔细找找，看能不能找到丢失的东西。
C3：
一名师范生（pre-service teacher）正在和教授交谈。他原本以为给十三岁的学生教授历史课会很容易，但实际教学过程中却发现远比想象中困难。他在准备和授课中遇到了挑战，因此向教授寻求建议和帮助。
C4：
两位学生讨论了即将举行的讲座和接待活动。学生A是活动委员会的一员，这次首次负责组织活动，他主要关心讲座接待安排，尤其是餐饮，确保三明治能在讲座结束前送达。同时，他考虑是否去听教授关于书籍生产历史的讲座。
学生B表示自己将参与另一场活动的餐饮工作——为沃克教授举办的退休派对。学生A对教授即将退休感到惊讶，并考虑写感谢卡，感谢教授的教学贡献。学生B安慰学生A，说很多人都会经历职业方向的迷茫。
最后，学生A询问讲座是否会被录制，以便无法到场的人观看，学生B建议他联系视听办公室安排。整体对话展示了学生们在组织活动中的责任感，同时也反映了他们对职业发展的困惑和对教授的尊敬。
C5：
学生向黄教授请教上周史密斯教授讲座的出席人数，教授表示需要这些信息来完成报告。随后，学生提到想写一篇比较夏洛特·珀金斯·吉尔曼（Charlotte Perkins Gilman）和托尼·莫里森（Toni Morrison）的论文，但找不到现成的比较资料。教授解释说，两位作家属于不同的文学传统：吉尔曼生活在19世纪末到20世纪初，而莫里森出生于20世纪30年代后期，因此直接比较有一定困难。
学生表示，他之所以想比较两人，是因为他们在社会问题，特别是女性问题上的关注点相似。教授鼓励学生进行原创研究，而不是依赖现成比较资料，并建议先写论文大纲以确保符合作业要求。
最后，学生提到打算将论文投稿到《Horizon Review》，该期刊主题为“作家与时代”。教授认为这是一个值得尝试的好想法，但提醒他仍需遵循作业的评估标准。
Lecture
L1:
鸟类行为讲座：巢寄生鸟类的习性与实验讲座提及一种会将蛋产在其他鸟类巢穴中的鸟，人们通常认为这类鸟十分懒惰。尽管如此，作为 “宿主鸟”（Hosting bird）的巢穴主人，仍会照料这种寄生鸟的蛋与幼鸟。讲座中提出了两个相关假设，第二个假设认为，宿主鸟因精力有限，无暇分辨并处理巢穴中的寄生蛋。后续研究发现，这种寄生鸟会监视宿主鸟是否妥善照料自己的后代。为验证其行为，研究人员开展了实验：若将寄生鸟的蛋从宿主鸟的巢穴中取走，寄生鸟便会毁掉宿主鸟的巢穴作为报复。
L2:
图书馆材料保护讲座讲座围绕图书馆材料的保护展开，指出图书馆中的资料会在光照和氧气的作用下逐渐损坏。为保护美国宪法这类珍贵文献，研究人员曾采用密封（seal）技术将其封存，封存环境中几乎不含氧气，但教授认为这种保护方法成本过高，难以广泛应用。随后，讲座介绍了另一种更具可行性的保护方式 —— 通过控制光照强度来减少对材料的损害，具体可根据书籍摆放的角度以及光照相关数据进行推算，以确定最优的光照控制方案。
L3：
文学讲座：简・奥斯汀（Jane Austine）的写作风格简・奥斯汀在创作小说时，不倾向于使用大段描述性文字，而是通过人物对话来展现人物的心情，且她笔下的对话内容通俗易懂。读者能够通过这些对话内容，清晰感知小说人物的内心想法。基于她的这种写作特点，后人总结出了一个相关概念（具体概念未提及）。最后，教授补充说明，简・奥斯汀希望读者在阅读过程中主动去猜测人物的想法与情感，即便读者的猜测与作者本意不符，这种阅读体验本身也十分有趣。
L4：
教授讲解了雷暴的形成过程。雷暴产生于温暖、湿润的空气快速上升，当空气上升时会冷却，空气中的水蒸气凝结成水滴，在更高处形成冰晶，最终形成云层。雷暴云通常可延伸至约15公里高，云层内部的电荷积累最终会释放为闪电。
随后，教授讨论了城市地区雷暴发生频率较高的现象。研究显示，城市中雷暴比乡村更频繁，尤其在夏季。例如，美国乔治亚州亚特兰大在过去十年中雷暴活动明显增加。研究者试图找出原因。
一个原因是“城市热岛效应”：城市的汽车、建筑物等吸热且散热困难，使得夜间温度仍比周围地区高约5°C。温暖空气在城市中上升，周边冷空气难以进入，高楼和狭窄街道使湿润空气滞留并升温，从而促成雷暴云的形成。
另一个原因是污染。空气中的颗粒物促使水蒸气凝结成更多水滴，增加云层电荷积累，从而可能引发更强的闪电。尽管污染对雷暴的具体影响仍未完全明确，但由于减少污染较难，因此这一现象的研究显得尤为重要。
L5：
教授提到，一个名叫D的人制作了一件非常特别的雕塑（sculpture）。这件雕塑被赠送给了C。雕塑的一个独特之处在于，它的背面是用玻璃制成的，使作品与众不同。
可能是在讨论著名雕塑家 David Smith 和他赠送给 Clement Greenberg 的作品。David Smith 是美国著名的现代雕塑家，以其金属雕塑而闻名，尤其是他的“钢铁雕塑”系列。Clement Greenberg 是著名的艺术评论家，曾是 Smith 的朋友和支持者。
L6：
教授讲解了火星的气候和大气特征。首先提到火星表面的地质特征，如巨型火山和河道，这些河道可能是古老的河床，显示出侵蚀的迹象。
火星的大气非常稀薄，主要由二氧化碳组成，还含少量氮气以及极微量的氧气和水分。大气中存在雾气和风，且常出现沙尘暴。尽管火星上有云，但由于大气压力极低，云无法产生降水。火星的雪主要是固态二氧化碳，形成季节性冰帽，在冬季扩展到极地，夏季则收缩。二氧化碳在火星上只以固态或气态存在，水冰也因低气压直接从固态升华为气态，不以液态出现，这类似于人类制作冻干咖啡的过程。
教授还提到，火星过去的大气层比现在更厚，气压更高，使得火星气候温暖，可能曾有液态河流。然而，随着时间推移，大气层逐渐变薄，原因可能包括陨石撞击和火星低重力导致大气分子逃逸到太空中。
L7：
教授介绍了玛丽亚·西比拉·梅里安（Maria Sibylla Merian），一位17世纪末至18世纪初的艺术家、出版商和科学家。梅里安以细致的昆虫和植物插图著称，她通过观察昆虫的生命周期（如蝴蝶从卵到成虫的全过程），描绘了植物与昆虫之间的相互关系，这在当时非常具有创新性。
她的书籍不仅是插图集，还附有详细评论，介绍昆虫的繁殖、觅食和行为。其中，《蝴蝶的变化》开创性地展示了毛虫在自然栖息地中与宿主植物的关系，这是当时其他科学插画家没有做的。
梅里安后来出版了《苏里南昆虫的变形记》，这是她50多岁时独自资助南美考察之旅的成果。通过亲自观察和收集标本，她向欧洲读者展示了热带地区奇异的动植物，并通过生动插图呈现其真实大小。
教授指出，梅里安的插图不仅对当时的生物学家和自然学家具有参考价值，今天的科学家仍可利用她的作品识别物种。她将艺术与科学结合，成为科学插画的重要里程碑。尽管随着摄影技术的发展，这类艺术形式的必要性降低，但梅里安的贡献依然不可忽视。
口语
TASK 1 独立口语题
第一套：
20241030-TASK1类似
父母应该帮助孩子解决问题or独立解决问题
题目参考表达：
Some people think that parents should help children solve their problems. Others think that children should learn to solve problems on their own. Which point of view do you agree with? Explain why, using details and examples.
第二套：
20231029上午场-TASK1类似
版本1: 大学生要不要学非本专业的课程内容？
版本2: 大学阶段应该只关注一个专业领域吗
参考题目表达：
Your university currently requires all students to take one humanities course in a subject such as literature or philosophy in order to graduate. However, some students majoring in subjects such as math and science think that these humanities courses are not relevant to their field of study, and they should therefore not be required to take them. Do you agree with these students? Explain why or why not.
Your university currently requires all students to take one math course and one science course in order to graduate. However, some students majoring in subjects such as art and music think that these courses are not relevant to their field of study, and they should therefore not be required to take them. Do you agree with these students? Explain why or why not.
第三套：
学校是否应该允许学生修额外课程以便尽快毕业？
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be allowed to take additional classes each semester in order to earn their degrees more quickly.
TASK 2 校园题
第一套：
阅读：学生的提议：学校应设立一周的假期。
听力反驳：
1.一周的假期可能打乱原有的教学计划，导致课程进度延后，影响学生对知识的系统学习。
2.部分学生可能缺乏自主管理能力，在假期中过度放松，反而不利于学习状态的保持，开学后难以迅速投入学习。
第二套：
阅读：学校推出了一个洗衣应用，可以告知学生洗衣房是否空闲，以及衣物洗完的时间。
听力反驳：
1.可能导致技术依赖：学生可能过度依赖应用，失去独立判断洗衣房使用情况的能力。2.存在隐私和数据安全风险：应用需要收集学生使用数据，若数据被滥用，可能威胁学生的隐私和安全。
TASK 3 学术讲座题
第一套
Nurse Plants
Young, developing plants are typically weaker than mature plants. Especially in harsh environments, youngplants may be vulnerable to damage, and some resources they need for growth and survival may not beplentiful. in such cases, young plants may benefit from growing near certain older, more developed plants ofanother species that help them. Mature plants that serve this role are known as nurse plants . Nurse plants support the growth of young plants by providing shelter that protects the young plants from environmental threats. An additional benefit is that nurse plants supply resources that the young plants need to survive.
Nurse plant是指在生态系统中，能够为其他植物（尤其是幼苗）提供庇护、改善土壤条件，帮助它们在恶劣环境下（如干旱、温度极端等）更好地生长和生存的植物。
听力例子：
在炎热干燥的沙漠地区，帕洛维德树（Palo Verde tree）周围常生长着特定类型的仙人掌，这一现象与帕洛维德树为仙人掌提供的生长助力密切相关。
沙漠环境恶劣，新生长的仙人掌易受强烈直射阳光危害 —— 阳光会导致其脱水，还会加速土壤表层水分蒸发，而小仙人掌依赖这些水分生存；但若仙人掌在帕洛维德树的树荫下生长，既能避免白天被阳光完全照射以保持凉爽，又能借助树荫防止土壤干燥。此外，沙漠土壤营养匮乏，帕洛维德树的落叶掉落分解后，会为树下土壤补充养分，使附近仙人掌能吸收更多营养。正是这些有利条件，让仙人掌在帕洛维德树附近生长更好、更易存活。
第二套
Deceptive Action
欺骗行为在自然界中的表现，即生物通过伪装、假象或伪装行动来误导对手或捕食者，以达到自保、捕猎或繁殖的目的。
听力例子：一是鸟类假装受伤以吸引捕食者注意，趁机保护巢穴；二是鱼类摆动尾鳍模仿小型生物动作，吸引猎物靠近后攻击。这些例子生动展示了欺骗行为在生物生存策略中的重要作用。
TASK 4 学术讲座题
第一套
Historical Reconstruction
两种方法来探索古代饮食文化：
一是分析艺术表现，如古代埃及墓室壁画中人们吃无花果的场景，这表明无花果在当时很常见；
二是考察直接的物理证据。
从古代欧洲陶器上的种子印痕中发现特定小麦的存在，显示其在当地饮食中的重要性。通过这些方法，研究者能够重建古代的饮食习惯，揭示不同文明的饮食文化及其与社会、环境的互动关系。
第二套
alternative packaging
指企业采用独特包装设计或材料以区别于传统包装。文章指出，替代包装能帮助食品公司突破同质化竞争，吸引消费者。
例子：某谷物品牌改用极简包装，成功脱颖而出，取得了商业成功。这体现了替代包装在创新和品牌差异化方面的优势。
写作
第一套
综合写作
The reading passage outlines three strategies proposed by scientists to address the critical endangerment of American chestnut trees due to a fungal infection, while the listening passage raises substantial practical objections to each proposed approach.
Firstly,the reading suggests that destroying all infected American chestnut trees could eliminate the source of fungal transmission, thereby slowing its spread and protecting healthy trees. However, the lecture counters that this measure would be ineffective because other tree species, particularly oak trees, can also carry and spread the same fungus. Even if all infected chestnuts are removed, the fungus would continue to thrive and spread via these alternative hosts, posing an ongoing threat to the remaining American chestnuts.
Regarding the second strategy—injecting a specialized virus to kill the fungus—the reading presents it as a promising biological control method. The speaker, on the other hand, points out significant practical limitations: the virus cannot spread naturally between trees and must be administered manually to each individual tree. This process would require enormous labor, time, and financial resources, making it inefficient and economically unfeasible on a large scale.
Finally,the reading proposes cross-breeding American chestnuts with resistant species, such as Chinese chestnuts, to create a hybrid that retains American traits while gaining fungal resistance. The lecture casts doubt on this solution by highlighting ecological adaptation issues. Since Chinese chestnuts are genetically adapted to conditions in China, the hybrid may not thrive in the different climate and soil of the United States. Consequently, the new trees might fail to establish sustainable populations, undermining conservation efforts.
学术讨论
Doctor Achebe
Local governments have limited budgets to spend on enriching residents' lives. Supporting arts programs like concerts and museums offers cultural engagement, while funding recreational activities like hiking trails and parks promotes healthy lifestyles. As students who appreciate culture and wellness, let's discuss whether local funding should support arts programs or recreational activities more. Which do you think better serves the community and why?
Kelly
I think local governments should prioritize spending on outdoor trails and parks rather than arts programs like museums and concerts. More people would use and benefit from improved recreation spaces than arts venues if fewer residents are interested in the arts, they won't attend museums or concerts even if government funds them.
Andrew
I believe local governments should actually prioritize spending on arts programs like museums and concerts rather than recreation. Precisely because fewer residents are inherently interested in the arts, public funding is essential to sustain these cultural institutions for the minority who appreciate them. Without support, access to the arts will decline and society will lose these enriching, enduring outlets for creative expression.
第二套
综合写作
The passage delineates three severe environmental threats confronting the Florida Everglades: the proliferation of invasive plants, a significant reduction in water levels, and dangerous mercury contamination. However, the lecture posits that these problems, while serious, are not insurmountable and presents pragmatic solutions to each, asserting that the ecosystem can indeed be saved.
Firstly,whereas the reading attributes the spread of invasive plants like cattails to their aggressive nature, the lecture offers a different root cause: fertilizer runoff from nearby farms. This runoff has artificially elevated nutrient levels in the historically nutrient-poor soil, giving invasive species a competitive advantage. The solution, as outlined in the lecture, is to restrict fertilizer use in these agricultural areas. This measure is expected to restore the natural nutrient balance, thereby curbing the dominance of invasive species and allowing native plants to recover.
Secondly,the reading identifies a worrying trend of drying in the naturally marshy ecosystem. The lecture explains that this desiccation is not a natural phenomenon but is primarily a consequence of human flood control policies. Specifically, a network of canals was built to divert water away from urban areas, which had the unintended effect of draining the Everglades. The proposed solution is a fundamental change in water management, which includes plans to dismantle some of these canals. This action is intended to restore natural water flow and rehydrate the parched landscape.
Finally,the reading highlights the threat of mercury poisoning to wildlife and humans. Contrary to the implication that this is an intractable problem, the lecture identifies a clear source: emissions from coal-burning power plants. The solution is twofold: first, these plants can switch to burning coal with a lower mercury content, a practice many have already adopted. Second, they can implement additional technologies to further reduce mercury emissions, thereby controlling this toxin at its source.
学术讨论
One traditional method of classroom instruction is lecturing. Lecturing involves the teacher talking about a topic for an extended period of time and expecting students to learn by listening attentively. Today, some educators believe that teachers should limit how much time they spend lecturing and instead teach by encouraging in-class discussions and having students work in groups. However, some teachers still teach primarily by lecturing. Do you believe lecturing is an effective teaching method? Why or why not?
Claire
I believe lecturing can be an extremely effective way for professors to teach if they have strong communication skills. Some of my most memorable classes have been taught by brilliant lecturers who captivated me with their engaging speaking style ability to explain complex topics clearly, and passion for their subject matter.
Paul
I don't think pure lecturing works well as a teaching method. Without student participation, professors have no way to assess if students actually comprehend the material. Students can easily zone out during long lectures if they are just passively listening. Active learning through discussions, activities, and questions lets students engage with content and teachers identify gaps in understanding.
第三套
综合写作
Based on the information from the reading and the lecture, there is a disagreement on the viability of nuclear power. The reading passage raises three major criticisms against nuclear energy, all of which are directly challenged by the speaker in the lecture.
Firstly,the reading contends that nuclear power plants are unsafe due to the risk of reactors overheating and releasing radioactive material. The lecture refutes this by introducing a new technological design: the pebble bed reactor. The speaker explains that this reactor is inherently safe because it features a self-regulating mechanism. If the core temperature rises too high, the nuclear reactions within it automatically slow down, which causes the core to cool. This design fundamentally eliminates the risk of a meltdown and the subsequent escape of contaminants, thereby directly addressing the safety concerns raised in the reading.
Secondly,regarding the high cost, the reading argues that the enormous construction costs of nuclear plants (up to $5 billion) make them prohibitively expensive. The lecture counters this point by advocating for a more comprehensive analysis of costs. While acknowledging the high initial investment, the speaker emphasizes that the fuel required for nuclear plants—uranium—is relatively cheap and stable in price. In contrast, traditional fuels like coal and oil are becoming increasingly expensive. Therefore, over the long operational life of a plant, the savings on fuel can compensate for and even outweigh the high construction costs, making nuclear power economically sensible.
Finally,the reading promotes alternative technologies like wind power, citing its safety, lower cost, and renewable nature. The lecture, however, points out a critical flaw in wind energy: its unreliability. Because wind is intermittent and unpredictable, the power output from turbines is inconsistent. This necessitates a backup power source, which undermines its efficiency and practicality as a standalone solution. Nuclear power, as the speaker notes, provides a steady and reliable output without needing a backup, making it a more comprehensive and dependable energy source.
学术讨论
Doctor Achebe:In today's fast-paced academic and professional environments, opinions diverge regarding the efficacy of to-do lists. Some advocate for their usefulness in enhancing productivity and time management, while others contest their effectiveness. As a student striving to excel in your studies, what is your stance on this matter? Do you agree that to-do lists are beneficial tools for learning and work, or do you think otherwise? Please explain why you think so.
Andrew:I agree. To-do lists have been instrumental in structuring my daily routine effectively. They serve as a roadmap, aiding in prioritizing tasks and ensuring productivity. Not only do they assist in organizing my schedule, but they also facilitate better time management. To-do lists provide a sense of accomplishment and direction, crucial for navigating through the demands of academics and work responsibilities.
Claire:While to-do lists offer structure, they might restrict spontaneity and flexibility. Each day unfolds with various unforeseen and interesting events. Embracing the day’s spontaneity allows for unexpected opportunities and serendipitous moments. It's crucial to remain adaptable and open to unforeseen experiences, as they often bring valuable insights and learning.
第四套
综合写作
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the first permanent theaters known as the Elizabethan playhouses were constructed in England. These theaters had unique designs, characterized by a circular shape and an open roof. The reading proposes three theories explaining the reasons behind these distinctive designs. However, the professor disagrees with the reading and argues that none of the theories are convincing.
Firstly,the reading suggests that the design of the Elizabethan playhouses may have been influenced by a book on classical Roman architecture that was published in the 1500s. On the contrary, the professor refutes the article and states that it is unlikely that the design of the theaters was influenced by this book. The people who built these theaters were mostly carpenters and businessmen who did not have a grasp of Latin. Additionally, the book was published in Latin, making it less likely to have had an impact on the theater's design.
Secondly,the writer believes that the design of the theaters may have been inspired by circular sports arenas. The reading suggests that traveling theater companies performed in sports arenas before the construction of the playhouses, and these experiences might have served as an inspiration for the theater's design. However, the professor challenges this theory by pointing out that sports arenas were not suitable for theatrical performances. The fences intended to hold animals would have obstructed the audience's view. Therefore, the professor questions whether the theaters were truly influenced by sports arenas.
Lastly,the author mentions that the design of the theaters may have been driven by financial reasons. The author argues that the circular shape of the theaters allowed for a larger capacity, accommodating more audiences and potentially increasing profits. Furthermore, the open roof allowed natural daylight to illuminate the theaters, reducing the need for torches and candles, thus saving on costs. However, the professor disputes this argument by stating that the lack of a roof could have had negative impacts on profits due to the unpredictable and often inclement weather in England. The theaters may not have been able to provide a safe and comfortable environment for both the actors and the audience during rainy and cold weather. This suggests that the design of the theaters may not have been solely motivated by financial considerations, as any potential financial benefits would be outweighed by the potential negative impact on profits.
学术讨论
recorded lecture 和线下上课哪个更好
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