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说服性演讲秘籍
PCES结构+精准选题
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说服性演讲
TOC ASIA 2025 FALL
你听说过世界中学生辩论与演讲锦标赛(WIDPSC)吗?
这是一项面向全球高中生的个人赛事,1988年起源于英国、美国与加拿大,如今已经汇聚了来自世界各地的选手。想要角逐总冠军,你必须完成四个项目:辩论、即兴演讲、朗读、备稿演讲。其中,备稿演讲又分为说服性演讲(Persuasive)和宴会致辞(After-Dinner Speech)。
今天,我们就来聊聊最常见、也最容易与日常训练接轨的——说服性演讲。
🏆什么是说服性演讲
它和大家熟悉的 Original Oratory(原创演讲)很接近:
- 主题:必须针对现实问题。
- 目标:不仅是陈述,而是号召行动。
- 时长:7–13 分钟(少于或超时都会扣分)。
- 形式:无道具、无视觉辅助,可以带一张提示卡,但优秀选手几乎不用。
换句话说,舞台上只有你和你的语言,你要让裁判相信问题真实、迫切,并且你的解决方案可行。
🏆 最核心的结构:PCES
无论话题是什么,最可靠的框架都是 PCES:
Problem 问题
- 明确指出:问题是什么?
- 用例子或数据让听众感到这一话题的必要性。
- 例子:“当今的青少年长期睡眠不足。”
Cause 原因
- 解释问题为什么存在,避免模糊的归咎,要具体。
- 例子:早上上学太早 + 作业负担太重。
Effect 影响
- 说明问题带来的伤害,把原因和后果连接起来。
- 例子:睡眠不足导致健康恶化、学习成绩下降、心理问题增加。
Solution 解决方案
- 给出切实可行的对策,方案要直接对应原因。
- 例子:推迟上学时间、减少作业量、加强家长睡眠教育。
这四步逻辑清晰、环环相扣,既让裁判好跟进,也更具说服力。
说服性演讲技巧
TOC ASIA 2025 FALL
- 开头三十秒:一定要吸引听众注意力。
- 选题国际化:裁判来自不同国家,话题要普遍易懂。
- 证据 + 故事:数据让你可信,故事让人共情。
- 控制时间:练习时保持在 9–10 分钟最保险。
- 避免过大话题:不要“拯救地球”,要具体可落地。
如何挑选好题目?
TOC ASIA 2025 FALL
说服性演讲难点突破:如何挑选好题目?
1. 从让你困扰的事情开始
📌想想每天最让你烦恼的是什么。
也许你总在抱怨作业太多、食堂饭菜不好吃,或者因为学校上课太早导致你总是熬夜。这些并不只是个人吐槽,而是真实存在、影响很多人的问题。
如果你真的在意,你就会有热情,而这种热情会让你的演讲更有力量。
2. 使用PCES测试
📌说服性演讲必须符合问题(Problem)–原因(Cause)–影响(Effect)–解决方案(Solution)的结构。
在选题前,问自己四个问题:
- 这是一个真实的问题吗?
- 我知道它为什么存在吗?
- 我能解释它造成的危害吗?
- 我至少有一个可行的解决方案吗?
如果这四个问题的答案都是“是”,你的题目就很有力。如果缺少其中一个,演讲就会崩塌。
比如,“气候变化”是真实问题,但你无法在一篇演讲里解决它;而“禁止超市使用塑料袋”就更合适,因为原因、影响和解决方案都清晰可见。
3. 选择国际化话题
📌这种演讲形式鼓励选择全球化的议题。
如果题目只适用于你所在的学校或城市,裁判很难产生共鸣。要挑选大多数人都能理解的问题。常见的主题领域包括:
- 校园生活:作业负担、校服、课间休息、上学时间;
- 健康问题:垃圾食品、屏幕时间、缺乏锻炼、睡眠不足;
- 环境议题:垃圾处理、回收利用、公共交通、动物保护。
一个来自加拿大的裁判和一个来自南非的裁判,都应该能听懂并点头。
4. 保持规模合理
📌避免选择“巨大且无解”的问题。
像“结束气候变化”或“消除世界饥饿”太过宏大。裁判并不希望听空洞的承诺,而是具体、合理的改进措施。
例如,如果想谈气候变化,可以聚焦某一个方面,比如禁止一次性塑料袋;如果想谈饥饿问题,可以提出将学校食堂的剩饭捐赠出去。越具体,越有力量。
5. 用一句话概括
📌用一句话来测试你的题目:
“问题是___。解决方案是___。”
如果你无法同时填上两个空,说明题目还没准备好;如果能清楚表达,那就能以此为基础写出完整演讲。
例如:“问题是青少年普遍缺乏睡眠。解决方案是推迟学校上课时间。”——这就简单、清晰,又极具说服力。
Picking a topic
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The hardest part is often picking a topic. Once you have that, writing the speech is much easier. Here are five ways to find a topic that actually works.
1. Start with what bothers you
Think about what annoys you on a daily basis. Maybe you always complain about homework, cafeteria food, or how late you go to bed because school starts too early. These are not just personal rants. They are real problems that affect many people. If you care enough to complain, you already have passion. That passion makes your speech stronger.
2. Use the PCES test
Every persuasive speech at WIDPSC has to fit the Problem–Cause–Effect–Solution model. Before you pick a topic, ask yourself four questions:
• Is there a real problem?
• Do I know why it happens?
• Can I explain the harm it causes?
• Do I have at least one practical solution?
If you can answer yes to all four, then your topic is strong. If you are missing one, the speech will collapse. For example, "climate change" is a real problem, but you cannot solve it in one speech. "Plastic bags in grocery stores" passes the test because the cause, effect, and solution are all clear.
3. Choose something international
This format of public speaking encourages global topic choices. If your topic only makes sense in your school or your city, it will not land. Pick issues that most people can understand. Good buckets to pick from are:
•School life:homework loads, uniforms, recess, start times.
•Health:junk food, screen time, lack of exercise, sleep.
•Environment:waste, recycling, public transport, animal protection.
A judge from Canada and a judge from South Africa should both nod along when they hear your speech.
4. Keep the scale realistic
Avoid giant unsolvable problems. "End climate change" or "Stop world hunger" is too broad. Judges do not want grand promises. They want specific fixes that make sense. If you want to talk about climate change, focus on one piece, like banning single-use plastic bags. If you want to talk about hunger, suggest donating leftover school cafeteria food. A narrow and specific idea is always stronger.
5. Use the one-sentence pitch
Test your topic by saying one sentence:
"The problem is ___. The solution is ___."
If you cannot fill in both blanks, the idea is not ready. If you can say it clearly in one line, you can build a full speech around it. Example: "The problem is that teenagers are sleep deprived. The solution is to start schools later in the morning." That is simple, clear, and persuasive.
评分参考
TOC ASIA 2025 FALL
1. 重要性
📌主题必须有意义,并在开场就清楚呈现。
优秀的演讲会用逻辑论证和实例证明主题的价值,同时通过热情和感染力让听众感受到议题的紧迫性。评委会思考:这些论点和例子是否真正说明了为什么现在必须关注这个问题?
2. 相关性
📌一场好的演讲不仅是“讲清楚”,还要“拉近距离”。
通过包容性的语言和逻辑证据,让听众意识到自己与议题息息相关,并因此受到触动。评委会考虑:我是否被说服,这个议题和我有关系吗?
3. 原创性
📌完全全新的主题很少,但表达方式可以独树一帜。
独特的修辞手法、新颖的例子,或别出心裁的角度,都能让常见议题焕发新生命。评委会思考:演讲是否带来了新鲜感和创意?
4. 表现力
📌手势、动作、眼神、语调、音量等都能放大演讲的力量。
自然、自信的表现比生硬背稿更有说服力。评委会观察:演讲是否准备充分?是否展现了流畅而真诚的表达?
小贴士 | Pro Tip
📌说服性演讲鼓励创意和突破。
不要害怕选择个人化或情感浓烈的主题,也可以尝试不一样的表达方式。记住,你不仅是演讲者,更是舞台上的表演者。
How to Impress the Judges
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1.Importance
Your topic must be meaningful and clearly presented at the beginning. Strong speeches use reasoning and examples to prove their value, while passion and energy make the urgency of the issue felt. Judges will ask: do the arguments and examples show why this topic matters right now?
2. Relevance
A great speech doesn't just "explain clearly" - it also "connects closely." Use inclusive language and logical support to make the audience feel personally involved in the issue. Judges will reflect: am I persuaded that this topic relates to me?
3. Originality
Truly new topics are rare, but your expression can be unique. Creative rhetoric, fresh examples, or an original perspective can bring familiar issues to life. Judges will consider: did this speech feel refreshing and inventive?
4. Delivery
Gestures, movements, eye contact, tone, and volume all enhance persuasion. A natural, confident delivery is more convincing than rigid memorization. Judges will notice: was the speech well-prepared and delivered smoothly with authenticity?
Pro Tip
Persuasive speaking values creativity and boldness. Don't be afraid of personal or emotional topics, or of trying unconventional delivery. Remember: you are not just a speaker - you are a performer on stage.
说服性演讲不仅是展示口才,更是一次“逻辑+情感+解决方案”的考验。记住:
📌结构靠 PCES
📌内容靠真实问题
📌成功靠清晰表达与真诚号召
当你能让听众点头、让裁判心服口服,你的演讲就赢了。
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