2026年1月21日，全球超300万托福考生将迎来一场颠覆性的考试革命——ETS正式推出多阶段自适应测试与1-6分制评分体系。这场酝酿五年的改革，不仅标志着语言测评从“知识记忆”向“能力应用”的范式转移，更折射出全球教育评估体系对AI技术、跨文化公平性与真实场景适配性的深度探索。
当传统线性考试被动态难度调整取代，当“刷题提分”策略彻底失效，这场变革将如何重新定义“英语能力”的价值坐标？又将为千万留学生的学术与职业发展带来哪些深远影响？本文将深度解析改革内核，通过更详细的能力评估、更灵活的考试体验，助力考生展现真实语言水平。
考试顺序及时间
考试顺序将进行调整，改为：阅读——听力——写作——口语，口语最后进行。
增加生活化场景话题
所有科目都增加了更多的生活化的场景话题，更加贴近考生日常生活，难度也相应降低。
阅读和听力增加加试部分
阅读和听力会增加加试部分，也就是考前题目(Pretest Questions)，然而这部分题目不会算分，只会用作研究目的。
阅读和听力部分的考试时间也因此不固定，其中：
阅读将有3个题型，35-48题，共18-27分钟;
听力将有4个题型，35-45题，共18-27分钟。
阅读和听力改为自适应模式
阅读和听力部分将采用自适应模式，每部分包含两个模块。
根据考生在第一个模块的表现，第二个模块将分为“高难度(Upper)”和“低难度(Lower)”两种类型。
阅读部分：第一个固定模块包含20题，第二个自适应模块包含15题，总计35题。
听力部分：第一个固定模块包含15题，第二个自适应模块包含15题，总计30题。
考生在答题过程中无法在模块之间切换，即完成第二个模块后无法返回第一个模块。最终分数会根据做对题量和题目难度计算。
新版题型展示……
下面给出一套 根据 2026 年 TOEFL 改革后题型 设计的完整模拟样题（含阅读 / 听力 / 写作 / 口语）。你可以把它当作一个练习卷来做。我也会在最后给出答案或参考思路。
请注意：这些题目是根据公开改革公告 + 教材 /新闻推测的题型设计，和官方题目可能有差别，但风格应当接近。
一、阅读 (Reading)
说明 / 题型新版 Reading 包含三类任务：
Complete the Words（填字母／补全单词）
Read in Daily Life（生活类短文 + 多选题）
Read an Academic Text（学术类短文 + 多选题）
升级后阅读分为Module 1和Module 2，题型相同，Module 1难度低，Module 2难度提高。
题型1：单词填空Complete the words
新题型，超简单版完形填空上线，很多空填了一半的单词，考生需要在每个空上填写对应字母，拼写单词。
题型2：生活化阅读 Read in Daily Lifted
阅读文章难度大幅度降低，日常内容阅读，单词很简单，文章超级短。
题型3：学术阅读Academic Passage
学术阅读文章变短(5题/篇)，是现行托福阅读长度的一半。
阅读题 1 — Complete the Words
在下面短文中，有几个单词被去掉部分字母（用下划线表示）。请填入缺失的字母，使其成为合理的词。
Many people believe that s__stainable farming is essential for future food security. One key method is crop rotation, which helps restore so_l fertility and reduces pest problems without overusing chemical fertilizers. Another is p_rsisting with agroecological practices that mimic natural ecosystems rather than relying heavily on synthetic inputs.
被去掉的词与意思如下：
s__stainable →
so_l →
p_rsisting →
阅读题 2 — Read in Daily Life
下面是一段生活类短文（例如校园通知），之后是几道选择题：
Attention Students,Starting next Monday, the Campus Fitness Center will undergo renovations and will be closed from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. daily through Friday. During this time, students can use the gym facilities at the Student Union building or the Recreation Center across campus. Apologies for any inconvenience, and please plan your workout times accordingly.
问题
Why is the Campus Fitness Center closed next week?A. It’s permanently closed.B. It’s being renovated.C. It’s being replaced by a new building.D. It’s being repainted.
From what times will the gym be closed daily?A. 8 a.m. – 2 p.m.B. 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.C. 10 a.m. – 4 p.m.D. 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Where can students go instead?A. The Recreation Center onlyB. Student Union or Recreation CenterC. Only Student Union buildingD. Off campus gyms
阅读题 3 — Read an Academic Text + 多选题
下面是学术类短文：
Urban green spaces (such as parks, community gardens, and green corridors) play a critical role in improving city livability. They help to moderate microclimates by providing shade, reducing surface temperatures, and increasing evapotranspiration. In addition, green spaces support biodiversity by acting as refuges for species in otherwise built-up environments. From a social perspective, these areas offer opportunities for recreation, stress relief, and social interaction among urban residents. Effective planning of green spaces must consider connectivity (how green areas link to each other), accessibility (how easily people can reach them), and maintenance (ensuring they are kept in healthy condition).
问题
What is one climatic benefit of green spaces in cities?A. Increasing surface heatB. Blocking rainfallC. Providing shade and coolingD. Reducing wind flow
How do green spaces support biodiversity in urban settings?A. By expanding concrete areasB. By isolating speciesC. By acting as refuges for speciesD. By removing all human presence
Which social benefit is mentioned in the passage?A. Reducing education costsB. Encouraging competitionC. Stress relief and social interactionD. Increasing employment
What is NOT listed as a planning consideration?A. ConnectivityB. AccessibilityC. Technology integrationD. Maintenance
What does “connectivity” mean in this context?A. How green areas are linked to each otherB. How many people live nearbyC. The cost to build themD. The types of plants used
二、听力 (Listening)
说明 / 题型新版 Listening 包括几类：
Listen and Choose a Response（听一句话，选恰当回应）
Listen to a Conversation（对话 + 问题）
Listen to an Announcement / 教室/校园通知
Listen to Academic Talk / 短讲座 + 问题
听力升级后听力分为Module 1和Module 2，题型相同，Module 1难度低，Module 2难度提高。
题型1：对话回复 Listen and Response
新题型，会播放一句提问，直接选回答的答案。每个句子考察1道单选题，包含表面含义和隐藏含义理解。
题型2：短对话 Listen to a Conversation
Conversation大幅度缩短，约30秒，模拟真实生活交流场景，每个conversation只有2道单选题。
题型3：公告Announcement
将会听到一段与学术相关的简短公告，然后回答与之相关的问题。
题型4：学术讲座Academic Talk
会听到一段约100-250字的与学术相关的讲座，并回答与之相关的四个问题
听力题 1 — Listen and Choose a Response
（录音）“I haven’t had time to finish reading that article you recommended.”选项：A. “That’s okay — you can send it later.”B. “Which article are you talking about?”C. “Let me send you my copy.”D. “I already returned it.”
听力题 2 — Listen to Conversation + 问题
（模拟对话文本版）
A: “Did you see the email from the professor about the canceled lab tomorrow?”B: “Yes, she said it’s postponed to next week.”A: “I hope they give us enough time to catch up.”B: “They’ll send out a schedule update later today.”
问题
Why is the lab canceled?
When will it be rescheduled?
What will the professor send later?
听力题 3 — Announcement / 公告 + 问题
（模拟公告录音文本）
“Attention all students: Due to the theater renovation, tonight’s drama club performance will be moved from the Main Auditorium to Room 204 in the Fine Arts Building. The show starts as usual at 7:30 p.m. Please check signage for directions. Thank you for your cooperation.”
问题
Where is the performance moved to?
What is the start time?
What should students check for?
听力题 4 — Academic Talk + 问题
（模拟讲座文本）
“Today I want to talk about acoustic ecology, which studies the relationship between humans and their environment mediated through sound. In many urban areas, noise pollution interferes with natural soundscapes and affects wildlife behavior. For example, birds may shift their songs in frequency to be heard over traffic noise. Researchers use sound maps, which record decibel levels over time across different locations, to analyze acoustic environments. These maps help urban planners find quiet zones or buffer areas between noisy roads and parks.”
问题
What does acoustic ecology study?
How do birds adapt to urban noise?
What are sound maps used for?
Why are sound maps useful to planners?
三、写作 (Writing)
说明 / 题型新版写作包括三种任务：
Build a Sentence（将打乱的句子排列 / 重构）
Write an Email（写邮件任务）
Academic Discussion（学术讨论写作）
保留学术讨论，取消综合写作，新增完成句子和写邮件。
题型1：完成句子Build a Sentence
每题包含两句话，第一句提供背景信息，另一句需对所给的单词进行重新排序。
题型2：写邮件 Write an Email
根据学术或社交情境撰写邮件。
题型3：学术讨论Academic Discussion
与现行托福考试的学术讨论题目一致。时间要求10分钟，字数要求100字。
写作题 1 — Build a Sentence
下面是一个打乱的句子，请你重组成一个通顺正确的句子：
“for / library / closing / the / hours / changed / due to / will / maintenance / be”
（你要把这些词/短语重组，形成一句完整句子）
写作题 2 — Write an Email
你在大学宿舍担任学生代表。最近有同学反映宿舍楼层的公共学习室白天噪音太大，影响学习。有时候有人在里面大声讲话、打电话。请你给宿舍管理员写一封邮件，说明问题、提出你收集到的意见（如 quiet hours、提示标识、加强巡查等），并建议一至两项可行措施。字数约 120–150 词。
写作题 3 — Academic Discussion
有人主张大学应该禁止学生在课堂上使用智能手机，因为它会分散注意力；而有些人认为智能手机能提供即时信息检索、辅助学习，也不应被完全禁止。请写一篇讨论（200–250 词），包含：简要总结双方观点、你自己的立场、理由支持你的立场、可能的反驳和你对反驳的回应。
四、口语 (Speaking)
说明 / 题型新版口语包含几种任务：
Listen and Repeat（听句子复述）
Interview（无准备即答）
口语部分完全大换血!新题型是复述和模拟面试。
题型1：复述 Listen and Repeat
也就是跟读，听一句，复述一句(还有比这更简单的口语考试吗?)。
题型2：虚拟面试 Virtual Interview
新题型，即时问答，取消了准备环节，提问之后要求考生直接作答，模仿真实对话场景。
虽然口语部分是大换血，但是题目变得异常简单，难度大大降低，考试时间也随之缩短。
口语题 1 — Listen and Repeat
听以下一句话（假设录音语句），然后尽量准确复述：
“In the next decade, sustainable energy is expected to dominate new power generation worldwide.”
口语题 2 — Interview（即答）
下面是几个可能的问题（你直接用 45 秒左右回答）：
What is one career goal you hope to achieve, and why?
Describe a book or movie that influenced your way of thinking.
Do you prefer living in a bustling city or a quieter town? Explain your choice.
What is a skill you would like to learn in the next five years?
（这几题是同一个话题领域或相关方向，可选其中几个练习）
参考答案······
阅读答案 / 参考
题 1
s__stainable → sustainable
so_l → soil
p_rsisting → persisting
题 2
B. It’s being renovated
B. 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.
B. Student Union or Recreation Center
题 3
CCCCA
听力答案 / 参考
题 1最合适的回应是 A. “That’s okay — you can send it later.”
题 2
Because the lab was canceled (通知说被取消)
It will be rescheduled “next week”
The professor will send a schedule update
题 3
Moved to Room 204 in the Fine Arts Building
Starts at 7:30 p.m.
Students should check signage (directions on signage)
题 4
Acoustic ecology studies the relationship between humans and environment via sound
Birds adapt by shifting their song frequency to be heard over traffic noise
Sound maps record decibel levels over space/time
Planners use them to identify quiet zones or buffer areas
写作参考思路
写作题 1重组句子：
“The library closing hours will be changed due to maintenance.”
写作题 2（邮件）你可以按以下结构写：
Dear [管理员姓名或 “Dorm Administrator”],I hope you are well. I am writing on behalf of many students to bring up a concern about the public study room noise on our floor. Many students have reported that during daytime hours, some individuals speak loudly or take phone calls there, which disrupts focused study.To address this, we suggest implementing “quiet hours” (for example 1:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m.), putting up reminder signage, and increasing periodic checks by dorm staff. We believe these steps could significantly reduce disturbances.Thank you for your attention, and we’d appreciate your support in improving the environment for everyone.Sincerely,[你的名字 / 职务]
写作题 3（学术讨论）大致结构：
引入：指出有人主张禁止手机，也有人支持其辅助作用
论点支持：手机可即时查资料、协助课堂互动、方便联系
反对观点 & 反驳：可能有人说手机分心、作弊风险高；你可回应说通过课堂管理规定、禁止考试时使用、课堂纪律约定可缓解
总结：重申你的立场，并强调手机若规范使用可带来更多好处
口语参考思路
口语题 1（复述）你尽量准确、流畅说出那句话：“In the next decade, sustainable energy is expected to dominate new power generation worldwide.”
口语题 2（Interview）这些问题可即兴回答，注意做到条理清晰、内容具体、有例子。例如 “What is a skill you’d like to learn?” → “I’d like to learn data visualization skills because they help me present research findings more clearly. For example, I recently had to explain survey results to classmates, and if I had better charts it would have been easier to convey insights.”
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