IEO（国际经济学奥林匹克）作为全球13项科学奥林匹克之一，其奖项在国际申请中享有极高声誉！
随着顶尖学府对学生经济学素养和全球视野的要求日益提升，一枚IEO奖牌无疑会成为你履历中闪亮的一笔。
报名时间：2025年6月7日至11月9日
想要摸清 IEO 的命题核心、避开答题陷阱？别错过这份干货！我们将结合IEO样题，带大家直击高频考点 —— 从经济学家的双重角色，到价格控制、税收弹性、市场失灵等关键知识，帮你提前掌握备考方向，为赛事做好充分准备！
ASDAN IEO 官方样题&答案解析
1.Which of the following is not correct?(1 分)
A. Economists have two roles: scientist and policy adviser.
B. As scientists, economists develop and test theories to explain the world around them.
C. Economic policies rarely have effects that their architects did not intend or anticipate.
D. As policy advisers, economists use their theories to help change the world for the better.
答案:C
经济学家的角色与经济政策特性
核心考点：经济学家的两大角色（科学家：开发/ 检验理论解释世界；政策顾问：用理论改善世界），以及经济政策常存在未预期的影响（题目 1 通过错误选项 C 考查此点）。
2.Price controls are usually enacted(1 分)
A. As a means of raising revenue for public purposes.
B. When policymakers believe that the market price of a good or service is unfair to buyers or sellers.
C.When policymakers tax a good.
D. All of the above are correct.
答案:B
价格控制的实施目的
核心考点：政府出台价格控制（如最高限价、最低限价）的初衷——当政策制定者认为市场自发形成的价格对买方或卖方不公平，而非为创收（A）或配合征税（C）
3.The more elastic are supply and demand in a market, the greater are the distortions caused by a tax on that market, and the more likely it is that a tax cut in that market will raise tax revenue.(1 分)
A.True B. False
答案:B
税收扭曲、供需弹性与税收收入的关系
核心考点：①供需弹性越大，税收对市场的扭曲程度越高；②减税是否能提高税收收入需结合 “拉弗曲线”（并非弹性大就一定能通过减税增收），“减税更可能提高税收收入” 的表述错误，以此考查该逻辑
4.In what sense do externalities cause the “invisible hand” of the marketplace to fail?(1 分)
A. Externalities lead to government intervention in markets, which exacerbates the problems associated with externalities.
B. Externalities result in prices that are too high for many consumers to pay.
C. Markets fail to produce the maximum total benefit to society when
positive or negative externalities are present.
D. Markets produce too little of a good when positive or negative externalities are present.
答案:C
外部性导致市场失灵的核心原因
核心考点：外部性（正/ 负）使市场无法实现 “社会总收益最大化”—— 市场仅考虑私人成本 / 收益，忽略社会成本 / 收益，导致资源配置低效，而非 “政府干预加剧问题”（A）、“价格过高”（B）或 “仅产量过少”（D）
5.Aristotle writes, “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.” In this statement, Aristotle is referring to the free-rider problem that occurs when a person receives the benefit of a good without paying for it.(1 分)
A. True B. False
答案:B
公地悲剧与搭便车问题的辨析
核心考点：亚里士多德所述“共同拥有的资源被最少照顾”，对应公地悲剧（共同资源因无排他性导致过度使用）；而 “搭便车问题” 是指不付费却享受公共物品收益，二者需明确区分
6.The invisible hand of the marketplace acts to allocate resources(1 分)
A. efficiently but does not necessarily ensure that resources are allocated fairly.
B. both fairly and efficiently.
C. fairly but does not necessarily ensure that resources are allocated efficiently.
D. neither fairly nor efficiently.
答案:A
“看不见的手” 的作用边界
核心考点：“看不见的手”（市场机制）能实现资源的有效配置（让资源流向效率最高的用途），但无法保证资源配置的公平性（不解决收入分配差距等公平问题）
7.Asymmetric information, political economy, and behavioral economics(1 分)
A. are topics at the frontier of microeconomics.
B. are topics that economists no longer research.
C. are being studied as economists try to expand their understanding of human behavior and society.
D. both A and C are correct.
答案:D
微观经济学前沿领域
核心考点：不对称信息、政治经济学、行为经济学属于微观经济学的前沿主题，且仍是经济学家研究的重点（目的是拓展对人类行为和社会的理解），而非“不再研究的内容”（B）
8.When society requires that firms reduce pollution, there is(1 分)
A. a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms' owners and workers.
B. a tradeoff only if some firms are forced to close.
C. no tradeoff, since the cost of reducing pollution falls only on the firms affected by the requirements
D. no tradeoff, since everyone benefits from reduced pollution.
答案:A
环境政策中的 “权衡取舍”
核心考点：减少污染的政策存在成本- 收益权衡 —— 企业需投入成本治污，会导致企业所有者利润减少、工人收入下降，并非 “无权衡”（C、D）或 “仅企业关闭时有权衡”（B）
如果你对商业感兴趣，想尝试 “从理论到落地” 的完整流程，IEO绝对是你的不二之选！
IEO竞赛已开启报名，目前是备赛的关键窗口期。系统性的知识梳理和真题训练是冲刺奖项的核心策略。
机构作为官方竞赛考点，让你无需额外寻找考点，节省时间和精力。
IEO的知识点覆盖AS 经济 + 商务，它的核心考点除了经济学，还涉及财务报表分析、商业计划书撰写，比如2022年考了 “加密货币监管”，需要结合法律、金融知识作答。
不仅仅理论知识要求扎实，更需要实战，结合宏观经济和商业策略去分析真实案例！
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