在IB第3个人与社会科目组中，IB历史和IB经济学是最受英国G5高校认可的人文社科类课程。如果申请英国G5高校的商科类专业，那么学生几乎必修IB经济学。IB经济学难不难？这是很多准备学习IB经济学的学生们比较关心的问题！
今天，机构IB经济学老师用一道IB经济学真题带大家一探IB经济学难度~
1、选课人数不多，但7分比偏高
首先要明确的一点是，改革后的IBDP经济学已经于2022年5月进行了首考。2025届IB毕业生以及在2025年升读DP1的学生，学习的都是改革后的IBDP经济学课程。
2024年5月IB大考，IB经济学（HL+SL课程）总共约有2.85万人参加考试，HL课程7分比例14.3%，6分比例27.7%，均分5.1分。SL课程7分比例13.7%，6分比例21.6%，均分4.8分。
对比IB历史以及IB商管等比较热门的IB社科类科目，IB经济学课程的突出特点就是：选课人数相对较多，但不是最多的，7分比例和6分比例都偏高。
当然，这并不代表IB经济课程学习难度低。
IB经济学到底难不难，机构IB经济学老师带大家做一道IB经济真题，一试便知！
2、IB经济学真题初体验！这题不简单！
当你看到：
奶茶店用"第二杯半价"刺激消费 → 这是价格弹性（PED）在现实中的运用 ；
政府给新能源车发补贴却遭质疑 → 背后是市场失灵与政策有效性的博弈 ；
新闻里"通胀降温但失业率上升" → 正上演着菲利普斯曲线的经典困境 ；
你是否也有这些困惑？
⚠ 看到经济数据图表就发懵？（微观的需求曲线移动vs宏观的失业率计算）
⚠ 写Essay时概念打架？（分不清边际效用递减和规模报酬递减）
⚠ 面对15分大题无从下手？（缺政策评估的批判框架）
别担心！这恰恰是我们要解决的，今天我们就以一道15分题来看一下如何分析。
❶ 首先解释题目中的definition：merit good：
Merit goods are goods that are held to be desirable for consumers, but which are under-provided by the market.
Governments can use advertising to try to persuade consumers to buy more goods with positive externalities. For example, they can try to encourage the use of sports facilities for improved health.
Positive consumption externality refers to external benefits are created by consumers.
❷ 结合real world examples explain:
Education will generate external benefits for third party i.e., social benefits from a more productive workforce, lower unemployment, more economic development, lower crime rate.
T-Levels are new courses launched in September 2020 in the UK, it has been developed in collaboration with employers and businesses, which focuses on vocational skills and prepares students for work or further studies.
Early this year, the UK Government has launched a campaign to try to raise the profile of its new T-level vocational qualifications, with an attempt to raise awareness of this new qualification among parents and top universities.
❸ 画 diagram 并explain: positive consumption externality and effects on stakeholders：
The marginal social benefit (MSB) curve lies above the marginal private benefit (MPB) curve, and the difference: external benefits to society. Socially optimum quantity Qopt, is given by the point where MSB = MSC, and the quantity .
produced by the market is given by the point where MPB = MPC. Since Qopt > Qm, the market under-allocates resources to education, and too little is produced.
In market equilibrium, consumer surplus is equal to areas b + d, producer surplus is area g, and the external benefits are a + e. At the social optimum, consumer surplus is given by a + b + c, producer surplus is d + e + f + g, and the external benefits are zero.
Comparing the total social benefits at market equilibrium with those at the social optimum, we find that at the social optimum they are greater by the amount c + f. This is the welfare loss that arises when production occurs at market equilibrium as a result of an underallocation of resources due to the positive consumption externality.
❹ 然后画diagram 并 analyse：the pros&cons of advertising：
Governments can use advertising to persuade consumers to buy more goods with positive externalities, i.e., encourage the use of sports facilities for improved health. The objective is to increase demand for such services: D1 shifts to D2 = MSB and Qopt is produced and consumed, while price increases to Popt.
❺ 再者，进行evaluation，给出其他干预手段：Legislation或subsidy：
Legislation can be used to promote greater consumption merit goods i.e., many countries have legislation that makes education compulsory up to a certain age.
Demand for education increases, and the demand curve D1 = MPB shifts to the right. Ideally, it will shift until it reaches the MSB curve, where D2 = MSB, and Qopt is produced and consumed.
Pros: ability to shift demand rightwards to increase consumption.
Cons: difficulties in measuring the size of external benefits → doesn’t ensure achieving Qopt ; raise price of goods →unaffordable.
Legislation and advertising sometimes can be used more effectively if they are implemented together with direct provision and subsidies. i.e., education, where compulsory schooling up to a certain age (legislation) goes together with direct government provision.
A subsidy refers to assistance by the government to individuals or groups of individuals. Results in increasing supply and shifting the supply curve rightwards. If the subsidy is equal to the external benefit, the new supply curve is MPC − subsidy, and it intersects MPB at the Popt level of output. Price falls from Pm to Pc, Qopt is produced and allocative efficiency is achieved.
Pros：increases quantity produced and consumed，lowers the price of the good to consumers.
Cons：Use of government funds → opportunity costs; often highly political in nature →different groups compete over who will receive the most benefits; Governments are often susceptible to political pressures→make choices based on political rather than economic criteria; Difficult to measure the size of the external benefits → difficult to calculate precisely which goods and services should be supported and the level of support they should receive.
❻ 最后得出conclusion，多种方法相结合，否定“most effective way”.
这道题只是IB经济中微观部分的一个小知识点，不知道大家觉得难度如何？
3、颠覆认知！IB经济学并不枯燥！
IB经济绝不是枯燥的理论，它是解码世界的终极工具！
这个暑假， 我们精心挑选了IB经济前期最关键的10大模块，用20课时帮你提前打好基础：
1. 经济学是什么？ Introduction to Economics；
2. 需求与供给：基本概念Competitive Markets: Demand & Supply；
3. 市场均衡和价格弹性. Equilibrium & Price Elasticity of Demand；
4. 各类弹性深入解析 (YED、XED、PES）；
5. 市场失灵到底怎么回事？ Market Failure；
6. 政府干预的作用Role of Government in Microeconomics；
7. 如何衡量一个国家的经济表现？（GDP、经济增长） Measuring Economic Activity & Economic Growth；
8. 宏观经济的大图景：AD、AS与均衡 Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply & Equilibrium；
9. 走进通胀与失业问题 Lower Inflation & Lower Unemployment；
10. 贫富差距从何而来？Economics of Inequality and Poverty；
温馨提示：本课程不涉及IA写作，专注于知识预习与思维训练
☆ 这个课程适合谁？
✔ 即将进入IB Year 11 或 Year 12 的学生；
✔ 经济学零基础，想提前了解IB经济课程结构；
✔ 想在HL/SL课程中提前打基础、提高信心；
✔ 希望顺利衔接IGCSE与IB阶段学习的同学；
☆ 为什么选择机构？
✨ 名师亲授
机构Gloria老师拥5年IB经济教学经验，授课风格清晰有趣，逻辑思维训练和图表分析一步到位。
✨ 资料齐全
每节课都有讲义＋练习＋思维导图＋课后小测，支持回放复习，真正做到学得扎实、记得牢靠。
✨ 节奏刚刚好
20课时内容不赶进度也不拖拉，既能预习重点，又不会占据整段暑假。
☆ 我们的课程如何进行？
上课时间：2025年7月16日—8月6日
每周三天：周一、三、五
直播时间：下午3:15—5:15（北京时间）
课程形式：Classin线上直播 + 课后巩固练习 + 回放复习
总课时：20课时
限额人数：8人精品小班
授课老师：Gloria老师，IB经济资深教师，5年教学经验
☆ 给家长的建议 ：
如果孩子未来想申请：
• 经济/商科专业 → 这门课是学术起跑线加速器
• 社科/政治专业 → 培养政策分析底层能力
• 理工科方向 → 锻造数据思维的绝佳机会
这个夏天，让我们把经济学变成孩子的"思维超能力"！
【竞赛报名/项目咨询+微信：mollywei007】
